# US 12,225,816 B2 · Light-emitting device and electronic apparatus including the same

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- Number: US 12,225,816 B2
- Document ID: US12225816B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/446,647
- Filed: 2021-09-01
- Published: 2022-03-03
- Granted: 2025-02-11
- Earliest claimed: 2020-09-02
- Assignees: Samsung Display Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Samsung Display Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Hyunyoung Kim; Minje Kim; Hyojeong Kim; Jungsub Lee; Jiyoung Lee
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12225816B2

## CPC

- H10K 50/156: {comprising a multilayered structure}
- H10K 85/342: {comprising iridium}
- H10K 85/346: {comprising platinum}
- H10K 85/40: Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
- H10K 85/636: {comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom}
- H10K 85/654: {comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom (H10K85/652 takes precedence)}
- H10K 85/6572: {comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole}
- H10K 85/6574: {comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes}
- H10K 85/6576: {comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene}
- H10K 50/11: characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K 50/15: Hole transporting layers
- H10K 50/16: Electron transporting layers
- H10K 50/181: {Electron blocking layers}
- H10K 85/615: {Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene}
- H10K 85/626: {containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene}
- H10K 85/657: {Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons}
- H10K 85/658: {Organoboranes}
- H10K 2101/10: Triplet emission
- H10K 2101/27: {Combination of fluorescent and phosphorescent emission}
- H10K 2101/40: Interrelation of parameters between multiple constituent active layers or sublayers, e.g. HOMO values in adjacent layers
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES

## Abstract

A light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the same are provided.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer, wherein
the interlayer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer,
the hole transport region comprises a first auxiliary layer and a second auxiliary layer between the first electrode and the first auxiliary layer,
the first auxiliary layer comprises a first compound,
the second auxiliary layer comprises a second compound,
the first compound and the second compound are different from each other, and
a lowest excitation triplet energy level (T1) of the first compound is equal to or greater than about 1.60 eV and less than or equal to about 1.80 eV.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein
the first electrode is an anode,
the second electrode is a cathode,
the interlayer further comprises an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,
the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and
the electron transport region further comprises a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the hole transport region further comprises a hole transport layer between the first electrode and the second auxiliary layer.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first compound is an anthracene-based compound.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the second compound is a hole-transporting compound.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the second compound is equal to or greater than about −5.7 eV and less than or equal to about −5.2 eV, and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the second compound is equal to or greater than about −2.0 eV and less than or equal to about −1.8 eV.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first auxiliary layer and the second auxiliary layer are in direct contact with each other.

### Claim 8 (depends on 3)

The light-emitting device of claim 3, wherein the hole transport layer and the second auxiliary layer are in direct contact with each other.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula 1:
wherein, in Formula 1,
L1 is a single bond, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —C(Q1)(Q2)-, —Si(Q1)(Q2)-, —B(Q1)-, or —N(Q1)-,
a1 is an integer from 1 to 5,
R1 and A1 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),
b1 is an integer from 1 to 10,
d1 is an integer from 1 to 10,
n1 is an integer from 0 to 10, and
R10a is:
deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12), or any combination thereof,
a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, or a C6-C60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —C1, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), or any combination thereof, or
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),
wherein Q1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C60 alkyl group; a C2-C60 alkenyl group; a C2-C60 alkynyl group; a C1-C60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the second compound is represented by Formula 2:
wherein, in Formula 2,
X2 is O, S, N(R2a), or C(R2a)(R2b),
R2a, R2b and R2 to R9 are each independently *-(L2)a2-(A2)b2, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),
L2 is a single bond, a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —C(Q1)(Q2)-, —Si(Q1)(Q2)-, —B(Q1)-, or —N(Q1)-,
a2 is an integer from 1 to 5,
A2 is a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), or —B(Q1)(Q2),
b2 is an integer from 1 to 5, and
R10a is:
deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12), or any combination thereof,
a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, or a C6-C60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), or any combination thereof, or
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),
wherein Q1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C60 alkyl group; a C2-C60 alkenyl group; a C2-C60 alkynyl group; a C1-C60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises Compound A and Compound B, the Compound A is a hole-transporting compound and the Compound B is an electron-transporting compound.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the emission layer further comprises Compound C and Compound D,
the Compound C is a phosphorescent compound, and
the Compound D is a fluorescent compound or a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compound that satisfies Equation 1 below:
ΔEST=S1(TADF)−T1(TADF)≤0.3 eV Equation 1
wherein, in Equation 1, S1 (TADF) is a lowest excitation singlet energy level (eV) of the TADF compound, and T1 (TADF) is a lowest excitation triplet energy level (eV) of the TADF compound.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the Compound D is to emit light.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the Compound A is represented by Formula a, the Compound B is represented by Formula b, and the Compound C is represented by Formula c:
wherein, in Formula a,
X11 is O, S, N(R19), or C(R19)(R20),
R11 to R20 are each independently *-(L11)a11-(A11)b11, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),
L11 is a single bond, a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —C(Q1)(Q2)-, —Si(Q1)(Q2)-, —B(Q1)-, or —N(Q1)-,
a11 is an integer from 1 to 5,
A11 is a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), or —B(Q1)(Q2), and
b11 is an integer from 1 to 10,
wherein, in Formula b,
X21 to X23 are each independently N or C(R21), and at least one of X21 to X23 is N,
L21 to L23 are each independently a single bond, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
a21 to a23 are each independently an integer from 1 to 5,
A21 to A23 and R21 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), or —B(Q1)(Q2),
b21 to b23 are each independently an integer from 1 to 10, and
in Formulae c and c-1 to c-4,
M31 is a transition metal selected from a first-row, a second-row and a third-row of transition metals of the Periodic Table of Elements,
L31 is a ligand represented by one of Formulae c-1 to c-4,
L32 is a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, or a tridentate ligand,
n31 is 1 or 2,
n32 is an integer from 0 to 4,
A31 to A34 are each independently a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
T31 to T34 are each independently a single bond, a double bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—C(R35)(R36)—*′, *—C(R35)═C(R36)—*′, *—C(R35)═*′, *—Si(R35)(R36)—*′, *—B(R35)—*′, *—N(R35)—*′, or *—P(R35)—*′,
k31 to k34 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3,
Y31 to Y34 are each independently a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(R37)(R38)—*′, *—Si(R37)(R38)—*′, *—B(R37)—*′, *—N(R37)—*′, or *—P(R37)—*′,
*1, *2, *3, and *4 each indicate a binding site to M31,
R31 to R38 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),
R31 to R38 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C5-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
b31 to b34 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, and
R10a is:
deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12), or any combination thereof,
a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, or a C6-C60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), or any combination thereof, or
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),
wherein Q1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C60 alkyl group; a C2-C60 alkenyl group; a C2-C60 alkynyl group; a C1-C60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the Compound D is represented by one of Formulae d-1 and d-21 to d-23:
(D41)n41-(L41)a41-(A41)m41 Formula d-21
(D41)n41-(L41)a41-(A41)m41-(L42)a42-(D42)n42 Formula d-22
(A41)m41-(L41)a41-(D41)n41-(L42)a42-(A42)m42 Formula d-23
wherein, in Formula d-1,
Ar41 to Ar43 are each independently a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group,
X41 is N, B, P, P(═O), or P(═S),
Y42 and Y43 are each independently N, O, S, C(R44), or Si(R44),
R41 to R44 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),
b41 to b43 are each independently an integer from 1 to 10, and
two or more groups of R41 to R44 are optionally linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C2-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, and
R10a is:
deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12), or any combination thereof,
a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, or a C6-C60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), or any combination thereof, or
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),
wherein, in Formulae d-21 to d-23,
A41 and A42 are each independently a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —B(Q1)(Q2), or —N(Q1)(Q2);
a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, —C(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —B(Q31)(Q32), and —N(Q31)(Q32); or
a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, substituted with at least one π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group that is substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C60 alkyl group, π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, —C(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —B(Q21)(Q22), and N(Q21)(Q22);
m41 and m42 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3,
D41 and D42 are each independently: —F, a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, a group containing C(═O), a group containing P(═O), or a group containing P(═S);
a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, a C(═O)-containing group, a P(═O)-containing group, or a P(═S)-containing group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, and a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group or a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from —F, a cyano group, and a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group;
a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, a C(═O)-containing group, a P(═O)-containing group, or a P(═S)-containing group, each substituted with at least one selected from a C1-C60 alkyl group, a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, and a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, and a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group or a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, each substituted with at least one π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group that is substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, and a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group; and
a C1-C60 alkyl group or a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a C1-C60 alkyl group and a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from —F, a cyano group, and a π electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group,
n41 and n42 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3,
L41 and L42 are each independently a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, —C(Q1)(Q2)-, —Si(Q1)(Q2)-, —B(Q1)-, or —N(Q1)-; or
a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, —C(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —B(Q31)(Q32), and —N(Q31)(Q32); and
a41 and a42 are each independently an integer from 0 to 3,
wherein Q1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C60 alkyl group; a C2-C60 alkenyl group; a C2-C60 alkynyl group; a C1-C60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the Compound D is represented by one of Formulae d-11 and d-12:
wherein, in Formulae d-11 and d-12,
X41 and X42 are each independently the same as described in connection with X41 of Formula d-1,
Y42 to Y45 are each independently the same as described in connection with Y42 of Formula d-1, and
R41a to R41d, R42a to R42c, R43a to R43d, R44a to R44c, R45a, and R45b are each independently the same as described in connection with R41 of Formula d-1.

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

The light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein
the Compound A is selected from compounds of Group I,
the Compound B is selected from compounds of Group II,
the Compound C is selected from compounds of Group III-I and Group III-II, and
the Compound D is selected from compounds of Group IV-I and Group IV-II:
Group I
Group II
Group III-I
Group III-II
Group IV-I
Group IV-II

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein a maximum luminescence wavelength of the interlayer is from about 400 nm to about 510 nm.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

An electronic apparatus comprising:
the light-emitting device of claim 1; and
a thin-film transistor, wherein
the thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode, and
the first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The electronic apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof.