# US 12,225,760 B2 · Organic electroluminescent devices > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,225,760 B2 - Document ID: US12225760B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/599,472 - Filed: 2024-03-08 - Published: 2024-06-27 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2019-03-12 - Assignees: Universal Display Corporation - Applicants: Universal Display Corporation - Inventors: Michael Fusella; Nicholas J. Thompson - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12225760B2 ## CPC - H10K 71/191: {characterised by provisions for the orientation or alignment of the layer to be deposited} - H10H 20/84: Coatings, e.g. passivation layers or antireflective coatings - H10K 50/11: characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers - H10K 50/852: comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair - H10K 85/40: Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene - H10K 85/633: {comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom} - H10K 85/654: {comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom (H10K85/652 takes precedence)} - H10K 85/6572: {comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole} - H10K 2101/10: Triplet emission - H10K 2101/20: Delayed fluorescence emission - H10K 2101/30: Highest occupied molecular orbital [HOMO], lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [LUMO] or Fermi energy values - H10K 2102/3031: {Two-side emission, e.g. transparent OLEDs [TOLED]} - H10K 2102/331: {Nanoparticles used in non-emissive layers, e.g. in packaging layer} - H10K 2102/351: {Thickness} - Y02E 10/549: Organic PV cells - H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES - H10H: INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract Provided are compounds, formulations comprising compounds, and devices that utilize compounds, where the devices include a substrate, a first electrode, an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode. The device includes an enhancement layer, comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to the organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the organic emissive material to the non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons. The enhancement layer is provided no more than a threshold distance away from the organic emissive layer, where the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer. At least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value of equal or greater than 0.33. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A device comprising: a substrate; a first electrode; an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode; and an enhancement layer, comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to the organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the organic emissive material to the non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons, disposed over the organic emissive layer, wherein the enhancement layer is provided no more than a threshold distance away from the organic emissive layer, wherein the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer, and the threshold distance is where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant; and wherein at least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33 and wherein at least one of the substrate, the first electrode, organic emissive layer, or enhancement layer are corrugated. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive material has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive layer comprises: a first layer comprising the organic emissive material; and a second layer disposed immediately adjacent to the first layer and comprising a second material. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The device of claim 4, wherein the first layer and the second layer satisfy the condition 0≤Ex−ΔE, where Ex is the lowest emissive state energy level of the first layer or the second layer, and ΔE is the difference between a highest HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy level and a lowest LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy level within the organic emissive layer. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The device of claim 5, wherein Ex is the lowest triplet (T1) energy level of the first layer and the first layer is phosphorescent. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The device of claim 5, wherein Ex is the lowest singlet (S1) energy level of the first layer and the first layer is fluorescent. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive material is a phosphorescent material. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive material is a fluorescent material. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive material is a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) material. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein emission originates from a combination of materials within the organic emissive layer. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The device of claim 11, wherein the combination of materials of the organic emissive layer comprises a first material and a second material, wherein an exciplex is formed within the organic emissive layer. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, further comprising an outcoupling structure that comprises a plurality of nanoparticles. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, further comprising: a material disposed between the enhancement layer and the plurality of nanoparticles. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are formed from at least one selected from the group consisting of: Ag particles, Al particles, Ag—Al alloys, Au particles, Au—Ag alloys, dielectric material, semiconductor materials, an alloy of metal, a mixture of dielectric materials, a stack of one or more materials, and a core of one type of material and that is coated with a shell of a different type of material. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are coated. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are metallic and coated with a non-metallic coating. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles include at least one from the group consisting of: a metal, a dielectric material, and a hybrid of metal and dielectric material. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are coated with an oxide layer, and wherein a thickness of the oxide layer is selected to tune a plasmonic resonance wavelength of the plurality of nanoparticles or a nanopatch antenna. ### Claim 20 A consumer product comprising: a substrate; a first electrode; an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode; and an enhancement layer, comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to the organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the organic emissive material to the non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons, disposed over the organic emissive layer, wherein the enhancement layer is provided no more than a threshold distance away from the organic emissive layer, wherein the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer, and the threshold distance is where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant; and wherein the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33 and wherein at least one of the substrate, the first electrode, organic emissive layer, or enhancement layer are corrugated, and wherein the consumer product is at least one type selected from the group consisting of: display screens, lighting devices such as discrete light source devices or lighting panels, flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, stretchable displays, laser printers, telephones, cell phones, tablets, phablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays that are less than 2 inches diagonal, 3-D displays, vehicle, aviation displays, a large area wall, a video walls comprising multiple displays tiled together, theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, a sign, augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) displays, displays or visual elements in glasses or contact lenses, light emitting diode (LED) wallpaper, LED jewelry, and clothing.