# US 12,225,751 B2 · Organic light-emitting diode display with patterned anodes and optical cavities > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,225,751 B2 - Document ID: US12225751B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/323,300 - Filed: 2023-05-24 - Published: 2023-09-21 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2019-08-23 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Gloria Wong; Jaein Choi; Sunggu Kang; Hairong Tang; Xiaodan Zhu; Wendi Chang; Kanuo C. Kustra; Rui Liu; Cheng Chen; Teruo Sasagawa; Wookyung Bae; Yusuke Fujino; Michael Slootsky - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12225751B2 ## CPC - H10K 59/35: comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels - H10K 59/121: characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements - H10K 59/80515: {characterised by their shape} - H10K 59/80518: {Reflective anodes, e.g. ITO combined with thick metallic layers} - H10K 59/876: {comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair} - H10K 2102/351: {Thickness} - H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES ## Abstract Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A display comprising a pixel, wherein the pixel comprises: an anode that comprises a first portion and a second portion; at least one dielectric layer that is interposed between the first portion and the second portion; a cathode; and organic light-emitting diode layers between the anode and the cathode, wherein the second portion is electrically connected to the first portion and wherein the pixel has an optical cavity defined by a distance between the first portion and the cathode. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1, wherein the pixel further comprises: a via that extends through the at least one dielectric layer to electrically connect the first and second portions of the anode. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The display defined in claim 2, wherein the pixel is a red pixel, the anode is a first anode, and the via is a first via, wherein the display comprises a green pixel and a blue pixel, wherein the green pixel comprises a second anode that comprises a third portion and a fourth portion and a second via that electrically connects the third and fourth portions of the second anode, and wherein the blue pixel comprises a third anode that comprises a fifth portion and a sixth portion and a third via that electrically connects the fifth and sixth portions of the third anode. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1, wherein the cathode is partially transparent and transmits less than 60% of light. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1, wherein the second portion is formed from a transparent conductive material. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The display defined in claim 5, wherein the transparent conductive material is indium tin oxide. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The display defined in claim 5, wherein the second portion is interposed between the first portion and the organic light-emitting diode layers. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1, wherein the second portion transmits more than 90% of light. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The display defined in claim 8, wherein the first portion reflects more than 80% of light. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are formed from different materials. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises silver. ### Claim 12 A display comprising a pixel, wherein the pixel comprises: an anode that comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is more reflective than the second portion; a cathode; and organic light-emitting diode layers between the anode and the cathode, wherein the second portion is electrically connected to the first portion and wherein the pixel has an optical cavity defined by a distance between the first portion and the cathode. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The display defined in claim 12, wherein the cathode is partially transparent and transmits less than 60% of light. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The display defined in claim 12, wherein the second portion is formed from a transparent conductive material. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The display defined in claim 14, wherein the transparent conductive material is indium tin oxide. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The display defined in claim 12, wherein the second portion transmits more than 90% of light. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The display defined in claim 16, wherein the first portion reflects more than 80% of light. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The display defined in claim 12, wherein the pixel is a red pixel, wherein the anode is a first anode, wherein the display further comprises a green pixel and a blue pixel, wherein the green pixel comprises a second anode with third and fourth portions that are electrically connected, wherein the blue pixel comprises a third anode with fifth and sixth portions that are electrically connected, wherein the first, third, and fifth portions are formed from a first material, wherein the second, third, and sixth portions are formed from a second material, wherein the second portion is thicker than the fourth portion, and wherein the fourth portion is thicker than the sixth portion. ### Claim 19 A display comprising: red, green, and blue pixels having a common cathode formed over organic light-emitting diode layers, wherein each of the red, green, and blue pixels comprises: a first anode portion; a second anode portion that contacts the organic light-emitting diode layers; at least one dielectric layer interposed between the first and second anode portions; and a via that extends through the at least one dielectric layer to electrically connect the first and second anode portions. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The display defined in claim 19, wherein the first anode portion of each of the red, green, and blue pixels is reflective and wherein the second anode portion of each of the red, green, and blue pixels is transparent.