# US 12,225,469 B2 · Peer-to-peer communication with non-simultaneous transmit and receive operation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,225,469 B2 - Document ID: US12225469B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/834,848 - Filed: 2022-06-07 - Published: 2022-12-22 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2021-06-21 - Assignees: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Rubayet Shafin; Boon Loong Ng; Peshal Nayak; Shiyang Leng - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12225469B2 ## CPC - H04W 52/0258: {controlling an operation mode according to history or models of usage information, e.g. activity schedule or time of day} - H04W 74/0808: using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] - H04W 76/14: Direct-mode setup - H04W 76/15: Setup of multiple wireless link connections - H04W 76/23: Manipulation of direct-mode connections - H04W 76/28: Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX] - Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE ## Abstract Methods and apparatuses for facilitating notification of an impending TDLS transmission in a wireless local area network. The apparatuses include a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising stations (STAs) and a processor. Each STA comprises a transceiver configured to transceive signals on multi-link operation (MLO) links with APs of an AP MLD and on tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) direct links between the STAs and peer STAs of a second non-AP MLD, and to transmit, to the AP MLD on one of the MLO links, a TDLS transmission notification message. The processor is configured to determine that a TDLS transmission is impending over one of the TDLS direct links from one of the STAs that forms a non-simultaneous transmit/receive (NSTR) link pair with another STA, and to generate the TDLS transmission notification message, which includes an indication that the TDLS transmission is impending. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising: a plurality of first stations (STAs) that each comprise a transceiver configured to: transmit or receive first signals on multi-link operation (MLO) links between the first STAs and corresponding APs of an AP MLD, respectively, and transmit or receive second signals on tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) direct links between the first STAs and other peer STAs or corresponding peer STAs of a second non-AP MLD, respectively, wherein at least two of the first STAs form a non-simultaneous transmit/receive (NSTR) link pair; and a processor operably coupled to the transceivers, the processor configured to: determine that a TDLS transmission is impending over one of the TDLS direct links from one of the first STAs that forms the NSTR link pair, and generate a TDLS transmission notification message that includes an indication that the TDLS transmission is impending, wherein one or more of the transceivers are further configured to transmit, to the AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the first STAs, the TDLS transmission notification message. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The non-AP MLD of claim 1, wherein: a power saving period is established for other first STAs that form the NSTR link pair with the first STA from which the TDLS transmission is impending, such that the other first STAs are scheduled to be inactive during the power saving period, and one or more of the transceivers are further configured to begin the TDLS transmission over the one of the TDLS direct links after the other first STAs enter the power saving period. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The non-AP MLD of claim 1, wherein: the processor is further configured to generate a second TDLS transmission notification message that includes an indication that the TDLS transmission has ended, and one or more of the transceivers are further configured to transmit, to the AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the first STAs, the second TDLS transmission notification message. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The non-AP MLD of claim 1, wherein one or more of the transceivers are further configured to receive, from the AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the first STAs, a TDLS transmission acknowledgement message in response to receipt of the TDLS transmission notification message by the AP MLD. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The non-AP MLD of claim 4, wherein one or more of the transceivers are further configured to begin the TDLS transmission over the one of the TDLS direct links after receiving the TDLS transmission acknowledgement message. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The non-AP MLD of claim 1, wherein: the processor is further configured to determine, after the TDLS transmission notification message has been transmitted, whether a waiting period has ended, and one or more of the transceivers are further configured to begin the TDLS transmission over the one of the TDLS direct links either after receiving a TDLS transmission acknowledgement message or after a determination that the waiting period has ended. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The non-AP MLD of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to: generate the TDLS transmission notification message as a TDLS action frame that includes a TDLS action field, the TDLS action field including the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending; or generate the TDLS transmission notification message as a control frame that includes the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending; or generate the TDLS transmission notification message as an A-Control subfield that includes the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending. ### Claim 8 An access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising: a plurality of APs that each comprise a transceiver configured to transmit or receive signals on multi-link operation (MLO) links between the APs and corresponding first stations (STAs) of a first non-AP MLD and STAs of a second non-AP MLD, respectively, wherein a tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) direct link is formed between a first STA of the first non-AP MLD and another peer STA or corresponding peer STA of the second non-AP MLD, wherein at least two of the first STAs of the first non-AP MLD form a non-simultaneous transmit/receive (NSTR) link pair, and wherein the transceivers are further configured to receive, from the non-AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the APs, a TDLS transmission notification message that includes an indication that a TDLS transmission is impending over the TDLS direct link from one of the first STAs of the first non-AP MLD that forms the NSTR link pair, the AP MLD further comprising a processor operably coupled to the transceivers, the processor configured to determine, based on the TDLS transmission notification message, that the TDLS transmission is impending over the TDLS direct link from the one of the first STAs of the first non-AP MLD that forms the NSTR link pair. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The AP MLD of claim 8, wherein the transceivers are further configured to terminate, based on receipt of the TDLS transmission notification message from the non-AP MLD, downlink transmissions over the MLO links from the APs of the AP MLD to any of the first STAs that form the NSTR link pair before the impending TDLS transmission begins. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The AP MLD of claim 8, wherein the transceivers are further configured to receive, from the non-AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the APs, a second TDLS transmission notification message that includes an indication that the TDLS transmission has ended. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The AP MLD of claim 8, wherein: the processor is further configured to generate a TDLS transmission acknowledgement message in response to receipt of the TDLS transmission notification message from the non-AP MLD, and one or more of the transceivers are further configured to transmit, to the non-AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the APs, the TDLS transmission acknowledgement message. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The AP MLD of claim 11, wherein the TDLS transmission over the TDLS direct link begins after receipt of the TDLS transmission acknowledgement message by the non-AP MLD. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The AP MLD of claim 11, wherein the TDLS transmission over the TDLS direct link begins either after receipt of the TDLS transmission acknowledgement message by the non-AP MLD or after a determination that a waiting period has ended. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The AP MLD of claim 8, wherein: the TDLS transmission notification message is a TDLS action frame that includes a TDLS action field, the TDLS action field including the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending, or the TDLS transmission notification message is a control frame that includes the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending, or the TDLS transmission notification message is an A-Control subfield that includes the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending. ### Claim 15 A method of wireless communication performed by a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD), the method comprising: determining that a tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) transmission is impending over a TDLS direct link from a first STA of the non-AP MLD that forms a non-simultaneous transmit/receive (NSTR) link pair with another first STA of the non-AP MLD, wherein the TDLS direct link is formed between the first STA of the non-AP MLD and another peer STA or corresponding peer STA of a second non-AP MLD; generating a TDLS transmission notification message that includes an indication that the TDLS transmission is impending; and transmitting, to an AP MLD on a multi-link operation (MLO) link via a corresponding one of the first STAs, the TDLS transmission notification message, wherein MLO links are formed between APs of the AP MLD and corresponding first STAs of the non-AP MLD. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein: a power saving period is established for other first STAs that form the NSTR link pair with the first STA from which the TDLS transmission is impending, such that the other first STAs are scheduled to be inactive during the power saving period, and the method further comprises beginning the TDLS transmission over the one of the TDLS direct links after the other first STAs enter the power saving period. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: generating a second TDLS transmission notification message that includes an indication that the TDLS transmission has ended; and transmitting, to the AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the STAs, the second TDLS transmission notification message. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising receiving, from the AP MLD on one of the MLO links via a corresponding one of the STAs, a TDLS transmission acknowledgement message in response to receipt of the TDLS transmission notification message by the AP MLD. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining, after the TDLS transmission notification message has been transmitted, whether a waiting period has ended; and beginning the TDLS transmission over the one of the TDLS direct links either after receiving a TDLS transmission acknowledgement message or after a determination that the waiting period has ended. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein: the TDLS transmission notification message is generated as a TDLS action frame that includes a TDLS action field, the TDLS action field including the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending, or the TDLS transmission notification message is generated as a control frame that includes the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending, or the TDLS transmission notification message is generated as an A-Control subfield that includes the indication that the TDLS transmission is impending.