# US 12,224,843 B2 · Receiving beam selection using hybrid channel based beamforming and codebook based beamforming > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,224,843 B2 - Document ID: US12224843B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/474,375 - Filed: 2023-09-26 - Published: 2024-01-25 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2021-08-30 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Franz J. Eder; Adrian Carlos Loch Navarro; Andre Janssen; Holger Neuhaus; Kenan Kocagoez - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12224843B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0456: Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04B 7/0639: {Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection} - H04B 7/0689: {using different transmission schemes, at least one of them being a diversity transmission scheme} - H04B 7/0857: {using maximum ratio combining techniques, e.g. signal-to- interference ratio [SIR], received signal strenght indication [RSS]} - H04B 7/086: {using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming} - H04B 7/088: {using beam selection} - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Some aspects relate to apparatuses and methods for selecting a receiving beam based on hybrid channel based beamforming and codebook based beamforming. A user equipment (UE) can determine, based on a first measurement related to signal to noise ratio (SNR) and predetermined threshold values, whether the UE is in a low SNR state. If the UE is in a low SRN state, the UE can derive an estimated channel covariance matrix RCH for channels at a set of antenna elements of the UE based on channel based bearmforming (CHBF). Afterwards, a set of test bears {0, . . . Ntest−1} is selected based on the channel covariance matrix RCH, and a set of codebook measurement beams is further selected based on the set of test beams. A receiving beam is selected based on a set of measurements performed on the set of codebook measurement beams at the measurement opportunity for codebook based beamforming (CBBF). ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) with a base station in a wireless system, comprising: determining, based on a first measurement related to signal to noise ratio (SNR) and one or more predetermined threshold values, whether the UE is in a low SNR state; in response to a determination that the UE is in the low SNR state, deriving, based on a second measurement, an estimated channel covariance matrix RCH for channels received by a set of antenna elements of the UE using channel based beamforming (CHBF); and selecting a receiving beam of the UE from a codebook (CB) for communication between the UE and the base station based on the estimated channel covariance matrix RCH and a set of codebook measurements performed on a set of codebook measurement beams of the codebook at a measurement opportunity for codebook based beamforming (CBBF). ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the second measurement includes a synchronization signal blocks (SSB) measurement or a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) measurement. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting the receiving beam of the UE from the codebook comprises selecting the receiving beam having a best measurement among the set of codebook measurements performed on the set of codebook measurement beams at the measurement opportunity for codebook based beamforming (CBBF). ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the set of codebook measurements includes a set of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements on the set of codebook measurement beams at the measurement opportunity for CBBF. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether the selected receiving beam for CBBF is unreliable based on a tracking reliability indicator of the selected receiving beam. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: selecting the set of codebook measurement beams including a number NCB,max of beams from a set of test beams of the codebook based on a set of third measurements corresponding to the set of test beams calculated based on the estimated channel covariance matrix RCH,, where the number NCB,max is determined based on a number of beams that can be measured at the measurement opportunity. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising: selecting the set of test beams {0, . . . . Ntest−1}, where a test beam is an element of the codebook, wherein the set of test beams is a subset of the codebook. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the selecting the set of codebook measurement beams including the number NCB,max of beams from the set of test beams comprises selecting the number NCB,max of beams from the set of test beams having NCB,max highest third measurements. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein a third measurement of the set of third measurements includes a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP); and a codebook measurement of the set of codebook measurements includes the RSRP. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first measurement related to SNR includes a SNR measurement and a rotation measurement, and wherein the determining whether the UE is in the low SNR state comprises: determining whether the SNR measurement is below a SNR threshold; determining whether the rotation measurement is below a rotation threshold; and in response to a determination that the SNR measurement is below the SNR threshold, and a determination that the rotation measurement is below the rotation threshold, making the determination that the UE is in the low SNR state. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to a determination that the UE is not in the low SNR state, performing the channel based beamforming (CHBF) to select the receiving beam of the UE based on the estimated channel covariance matrix RCH for channels at the set of antenna elements of the UE. ### Claim 12 An apparatus of a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to: determine, based on a first measurement related to signal to noise ratio (SNR) and one or more predetermined threshold values, whether the UE is in a low SNR state; in response to a determination that the UE is in the low SNR state, derive, based on a second measurement, an estimated channel covariance matrix RCH for channels received by a set of antenna elements of the UE using channel based beamforming (CHBF); and select a receiving beam of the UE from a codebook (CB) for communication between the UE and a base station based on the estimated channel covariance matrix RCH and a set of codebook measurements performed on a set of codebook measurement beams of the codebook at a measurement opportunity for codebook based beamforming (CBBF). ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the second measurement includes a synchronization signal blocks (SSB) measurement or a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) measurement. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to: in response to a determination that the UE is not in the low SNR state, perform the channel based beamforming (CHBF) to select the receiving beam of the UE based on the estimated channel covariance matrix RCH for channels at the set of antenna elements of the UE. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first measurement related to SNR includes a SNR measurement and a rotation measurement, and wherein to determine whether the UE is in the low SNR state, the processor is further configured to: determine whether the SNR measurement is below a SNR threshold; determine whether the rotation measurement is below a rotation threshold; and in response to a determination that the SNR measurement is below the SNR threshold, and a determination that the rotation measurement is below the rotation threshold, make the determination that the UE is in the low SNR state. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein to select the receiving beam of the UE from the codebook, the processor is further configured to: select the receiving beam having a best measurement among the set of codebook measurements performed on the set of codebook measurement beams at the measurement opportunity for codebook based beamforming (CBBF). ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the set of codebook measurements includes a set of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements on the set of codebook measurement beams at the measurement opportunity for CBBF. ### Claim 18 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform operations, the operations comprising: determining, based on a first measurement related to signal to noise ratio (SNR) and one or more predetermined threshold values, whether the UE is in a low SNR state; in response to a determination that the UE is in the low SNR state, deriving, based on a second measurement, an estimated channel covariance matrix RCH for channels received by a set of antenna elements of the UE using channel based beamforming (CHBF); and selecting a receiving beam of the UE from a codebook (CB) for communication between the UE and a base station based on the estimated channel covariance matrix RCH and a set of codebook measurements performed on a set of codebook measurement beams of the codebook at a measurement opportunity for codebook based beamforming (CBBF). ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprises: in response to a determination that the UE is not in the low SNR state, performing the channel based beamforming (CHBF) to select the receiving beam of the UE based on the estimated channel covariance matrix RCH for channels at the set of antenna elements of the UE. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the second measurement includes a synchronization signal blocks (SSB) measurement or a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) measurement, and wherein the selecting the receiving beam of the UE from the codebook comprises selecting the receiving beam having a best measurement among the set of codebook measurements performed on the set of codebook measurement beams at the measurement opportunity for codebook based beamforming (CBBF).