# US 12,224,818 B2 · Priority-based MU-MIMO pairing threshold for codebook beamforming in 5G NR massive MIMO systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,224,818 B2 - Document ID: US12224818B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/525,339 - Filed: 2023-11-30 - Published: 2024-03-21 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2021-12-29 - Assignees: T-Mobile Innovations LLC - Applicants: T-Mobile Innovations LLC - Inventors: Sanghoon Sung - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12224818B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0452: Multi-user MIMO systems - H04B 7/0408: using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity - H04B 7/043: {using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering} - H04B 7/0456: Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting - H04B 7/0491: using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04B 7/06966: {using beam correspondence; using channel reciprocity, e.g. downlink beam training based on uplink sounding reference signal [SRS]} - H04W 28/24: Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service] - H04W 72/046: {the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams} - H04W 72/121: for groups of terminals or users - H04W 72/1273: of downlink data flows - H04W 72/566: of the information or information source or recipient - H04W 72/0453: Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Methods, media, and systems are provided for a priority-based multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) pairing threshold for codebook beamforming. The methods, media, and systems identify a plurality of user device candidates for a user device pairing. A first user device of the plurality of user device candidates having a higher priority than another user device of the plurality of user device candidates is identified. Correlations between one or more beams associated with one or more of the plurality of user device candidates are determined. Based on determining the correlations, user devices can be paired for resource sharing. In some embodiments, the user devices are paired based on beam correlations being below a threshold. For example, the threshold can be determined based on a priority of one or more of the user devices. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) pairing, the system comprising: one or more antenna arrays comprising one or more antenna elements; and one or more processors associated with the one or more antenna arrays, the one or more processors configured to execute operations comprising: identifying a user device candidate for a user device pairing; determining whether a combined spectral efficiency for the user device candidate is greater than an individual spectral efficiency associated with a first beam provided by the one or more antenna arrays and greater than another individual spectral efficiency for a second beam provided by the one or more antenna arrays; and based on determining that the combined spectral efficiency is greater than the individual spectral efficiencies, pairing the user device candidate with another user device for sharing a resource via the combined spectral efficiency. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein determining that the combined spectral efficiency is greater than the individual spectral efficiencies is based on a position of the user device candidate and a position of the other user device. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein determining that the combined spectral efficiency is greater than the individual spectral efficiencies is based on radio frequency measurements received by the user device candidate and the other user device. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: identifying another user device candidate for the user device pairing; determining that the combined spectral efficiency for each of the three user devices is greater than individual spectral efficiencies associated with the three user devices and one or more beams provided by the one or more antenna arrays; and pairing the other user device candidate for sharing the resource via the combined spectral efficiency. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system according to claim 4, wherein the user device candidate and the other user device are located within a horizontal plane associated with the first beam and the second beam, and wherein the other user device candidate is located within a vertical plane associated with the first beam and the second beam. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the user device candidate is paired with the other user device for sharing an uplink resource and a downlink resource. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the resource comprises a resource block. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the user device candidate is paired with the other user device for sharing a subcarrier and physical resource blocks. ### Claim 9 A method for multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) pairing, the method comprising: identifying antenna ports that are each associated with a beam direction for a user device pairing; determining that a first beam associated with an antenna port of the identified antenna ports has a correlation value, to a second beam associated with another antenna port of the identified antenna ports, that is below a threshold; and based on determining that the correlation value is below the threshold, causing a first user device associated with the first beam to be paired with a second user device associated with the second beam for sharing a resource. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, further comprising providing the resource to the first user device and the second user device. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, further comprising providing an uplink resource and a downlink resource to the first user device and the second user device based on the pairing. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, wherein the threshold is determined based on a priority of the first user device and the second user device. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method according to claim 12, wherein the threshold is a codebook beamforming threshold and is reduced when the priority of the first user device or the second user device is increased. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, wherein the threshold is determined based on channel load data indicating a rate at which user devices are added and removed from communicating services provided by the antenna ports. ### Claim 15 One or more non-transitory computer storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon, that when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method comprising: identifying antenna ports that are each associated with providing multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); determining whether a combined spectral efficiency for a first user device within a coverage area of a first beam from a first antenna port of the antenna ports and a second user device within a coverage area of a second beam from a second antenna port of the antenna ports is greater than: an individual spectral efficiency for the first user device within the coverage area of the first beam; and an individual spectral efficiency for the second user device within the coverage area of the second beam; based on determining that the combined spectral efficiency is greater than the individual spectral efficiencies, pairing the first user device and the second user device; and providing a resource to the first user device and the second user device based on the pairing. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the first antenna port and the second antenna port are configured as downlink antenna ports. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, the operations further comprising scheduling beam sweeping for the pairing via the first antenna port and the second antenna port. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the first user device and second user device are paired based on a front-to-back ratio indicating a ratio of a first signal broadcast towards each of the first user device and second user device compared to a second signal broadcast an opposite direction from the first signal broadcast, each of the first and second signal broadcasts corresponding to the first antenna port and the second antenna port. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the first user device and second user device are paired based on a quality of service of the first user device. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, the operations further comprising scheduling an uplink and a downlink resource for the pairing.