# US 12,224,495 B2 · Multi-function scalable antenna array > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,224,495 B2 - Document ID: US12224495B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/740,800 - Filed: 2024-06-12 - Published: 2024-10-03 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2022-08-02 - Assignees: Battelle Memorial Institute - Applicants: Battelle Memorial Institute - Inventors: Douglas A. Thornton; Kevin P. Crawford; Daniel A. Perkins; Raphael J. Welsh; Curtis A. Cutright - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12224495B2 ## CPC - H01Q 21/0025: {Modular arrays} - H01Q 3/24: varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching - H01Q 13/085: {Slot-line radiating ends} - H01Q 21/067: {using endfire radiating aerial units transverse to the plane of the array} - H01Q 21/22: Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array - H01Q 21/24: Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction {(circularly polarised patch antennas H01Q9/0428; circularly polarised horns H01Q13/0241; cross-polarised horns H01Q13/0258; polarisation converters H01Q15/242; cross-polarised rear feeds H01Q19/136; crossed polarisation dual antenna H01Q25/001)} - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) ## Abstract A modular radio frequency (RF) device includes N base units, each including a differential segmented array (DSA) tile with a support board and a two-dimensional (2D) array of electrically conductive tapered projections disposed on the support board. Neighboring pairs of the electrically conductive tapered projections form RF pixels. The N DSA tiles are arranged to form an RF aperture. The N base units are programmed to switch the RF aperture between a first operating mode and a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, the N base units are operated as at least two independent subsets with each subset operating as an RF transmitter or receiver independently of the other subsets. In the second operating mode all N base units coherently combine as a single phased array RF transmitter or receiver. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A radio frequency (RF) device comprising: a computer; a pulses-per-second (PPS) signal source outputting a PPS signal; and N base units where N is an integer greater than or equal to two, each base unit including: a differential segmented aperture (DSA) tile including a support board and a two-dimensional (2D) array of electrically conductive tapered projections disposed on the support board with the electrically conductive tapered projections tapering in a direction extending away from the support board, wherein neighboring pairs of the electrically conductive tapered projections form RF pixels; and at least one RF unit (RFU) having RF connections with the DSA tile to transmit and/or receive RF signals via the RF pixels of the DSA tile and operatively connected to transfer digital data to and/or from the computer; wherein the RFUs of the N base units are programmed to operate the DSA tiles as a phased RF array with the digital data transferred to and/or from the computer being synchronized using the PPS signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the PPS signal source comprises a digital clock. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein: the computer is connected with the RFUs via a wired digital data network; and the PPS signal source is connected to communicate the PPS signal to the RFUs via the wired digital data network. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The RF device of claim 3 wherein the wired digital data network comprises an Ethernet. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The RF device of claim 3 wherein the PPS signal complies with a precision time protocol (PTP) standard. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the RFUs are configured to digitize RF signals received from the DSA via the RF connections when the RFUs operate the phased RF array in a receive mode. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the RFUs are configured to convert a digital signal received from the computer to an analog RF signal and to send the analog RF signal to the DSA via the RF connections to be transmitted by the DSA when the RFUs operate the phased RF array in a transmit mode. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the phased RF array has a bandwidth of at least 2 GHz. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the phased RF array is configured to implement an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the phased RF array is configured to implement an HPSA+ communication protocol. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the phased RF array is configured to implement a WiMAX communication protocol. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the phased RF array is configured to implement a 3GPP communication protocol. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The RF device of claim 1 wherein the phased RF array is configured to implement an ATSC communication protocol. ### Claim 14 A radio frequency (RF) device comprising: a differential segmented aperture (DSA) including a support board and a two-dimensional (2D) array of electrically conductive tapered projections disposed on the support board with the electrically conductive tapered projections tapering in a direction extending away from the support board, wherein neighboring pairs of the electrically conductive tapered projections form RF pixels; and at least one RF unit (RFU) having RF connections with the DSA to transmit and/or receive RF signals via the RF pixels of the DSA, wherein the at least one RFU is configured to receive a pulses-per-second (PPS) signal and synchronize digital data transferred between the at least one RFU and an associated computer using the PPS signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The RF device of claim 14 wherein the at least one RFU comprises an RF integrated circuit (RFIC), or an RF system-on-module (RFSOM) comprising one or more integrated circuits (IC) s disposed on a single printed circuit board (PCB). ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The RF device of claim 14 wherein the at least one RFU is connected with the DSA by RF connections and the at least one RFU is configured to digitize RF signals received from the DSA via the RF connections when the at least one RFU operates the RF device in a receive mode. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The RF device of claim 14 wherein the at least one RFU is connected with the DSA by RF connections and the at least one RFU is configured to convert a received digital signal to an analog RF signal and to send the analog RF signal to the DSA via the RF connections to be transmitted by the DSA when the at least one RFU operates the RF device in a transmit mode. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The RF device of claim 14 wherein the DSA has a bandwidth of at least 2 GHz. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The RF device of claim 14 wherein the RF device is configured to implement an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol, an HPSA+communication protocol, a WiMAX communication protocol, a 3GPP communication protocol, and/or an ATSC communication protocol.