# US 12,224,410 B2 · Magnetic flux generator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,224,410 B2 - Document ID: US12224410B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/424,329 - Filed: 2024-01-26 - Published: 2024-08-01 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2023-01-27 - Assignees: Gaussion Ltd - Applicants: Gaussion Ltd - Inventors: Thomas Heenan; Chun Tan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12224410B2 ## CPC - H01F 7/20: without armatures (cores H01F3/00; coils H01F5/00 {; shaping metal by applying magnetic forces B21D26/14; electromagnets specially adapted for NMR applications G01R33/381}) - H01M 10/44: Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00) - G01R 31/3835: involving only voltage measurements - H01F 7/0221: {Mounting means for PM, supporting, coating, encapsulating PM} - H01F 7/0278: {for generating uniform fields, focusing, deflecting electrically charged particles (for magnetic separation by Lorentz force B03C1/023; specially adapted for NMR applications G01R33/383)} - H01F 7/126: Supporting or mounting - H01F 7/1844: {Monitoring or fail-safe circuits (for relays H01H47/002)} - H01M 10/42: Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells (H01M10/60 takes precedence) - H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)} - H01M 10/441: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially} - H01M 10/46: Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus (circuits for charging H02J7/00) - H01M 10/482: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially} - H02J 7/64: against overvoltage - H02J 7/751: {concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries} - H02J 7/96: in response to battery voltage - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract The invention provides a magnetic flux generator to enhance ion transport in an electrochemical cell. The magnetic flux generator comprises one or more magnetic field sources, each being configured to produce a respective magnetic field. Each magnetic field is individually controllably variable in three spatial dimensions. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A magnetic flux generator to enhance ion transport in one or more electrochemical cells, the magnetic flux generator comprising: one or more magnetic field sources, each being configured to produce a respective changing magnetic field through the one or more electrochemical cells; wherein each changing magnetic field is individually controllably variable in three spatial dimensions to enhance the ion transport in the one or more electrochemical cells; and a controller electrically connected to the one or more magnetic field sources and to the one or more electrochemical cells, the controller configured to: monitor electrochemical overpotential of each of the one or more electrochemical cells located within at least one of the one or more magnetic fields as each of the one or more magnetic fields is individually controllably varied; and select a value for each of the three spatial dimensions of each magnetic field to reduce each electrochemical overpotential. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein the controller is configured to monitor each electrochemical overpotential via direct overpotential measurements. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein the controller is configured to monitor each electrochemical overpotential using any one of or any combination of electric, magnetic, optical, acoustic measurements performed on the one or more electrochemical cells. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The magnetic flux generator of claim 3 wherein the controller is: communicatively connected to a sensor unit configured to perform the electric, magnetic, optical, and/or acoustic measurements. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein each magnetic field is individually controllably varied over time continuously or incrementally. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein each magnetic field is individually controllably varied to be pulsed, rotating, and/or oscillating. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein the one or more magnetic field sources is a plurality of magnetic field sources. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The magnetic flux generator of claim 7 wherein the plurality of magnetic field sources are arranged in a common plane. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The magnetic flux generator of claim 8 comprising a planar mechanical support configured to support the plurality of magnetic field sources. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein the magnetic flux generator is integrated inside an electrochemical cell of the one or more electrochemical cells. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The magnetic flux generator of claim 9 wherein the magnetic flux generator is curved to at least partially surround an electrochemical cell of the one or more electrochemical cells. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein at least one of the one or more magnetic field sources is a permanent magnet coupled to a mechanism for moving the permanent magnet. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The magnetic flux generator of claim 1 wherein at least one of the one or more magnetic field sources is an electromagnet. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The magnetic flux generator of claim 13 wherein each electromagnet is an air- core electromagnet. ### Claim 15 A magnetic flux generator to enhance ion transport in one or more electrochemical cells, the magnetic flux generator comprising: one or more magnetic field sources, each being configured to produce a respective changing magnetic field through the one or more electrochemical cells, wherein each changing magnetic field is individually controllably variable in three spatial dimensions to enhance the ion transport in the one or more electrochemical cells; and a controller electrically connected to the one or more magnetic field sources and to the one or more electrochemical cells and_configured to control each of the three spatial dimensions of each magnetic field based on one or more of electric, magnetic, optical, and/or acoustic measurements performed on the one or more electrochemical cells located within at least one of the one or more magnetic fields; the controller being further configured to: monitor electrochemical overpotential of each of the one or more electrochemical cells located within at least one of the one or more magnetic fields as each of the one or more magnetic fields is individually controllably varied; and select a value for each of the three spatial dimensions of each magnetic field to reduce each electrochemical overpotential.