# US 12,224,394 B2 · Lithium secondary battery

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- Number: US 12,224,394 B2
- Document ID: US12224394B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/737,132
- Filed: 2024-06-07
- Published: 2024-12-12
- Granted: 2025-02-11
- Earliest claimed: 2023-06-09
- Assignees: LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
- Applicants: LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
- Inventors: Min Wook Lee; Ju Young Yun; Seok Jin Oh; Joo Hwan Sung; Hee Chang Youn; Ji Min Park; Hye In Ko; Ran Eun Lee; Jin Young Park
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12224394B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M 4/133: Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M 4/364: {as mixtures}
- H01M 4/366: {as layered products}
- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- H01M 4/587: for inserting or intercalating light metals
- H01M 4/628: {Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors}
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes
- H01M 50/204: Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a lithium secondary battery with improved safety during thermal runaway. The lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and an electrolyte, and has a nominal voltage of 3.68 V or greater, and VT represented by Equation (1) below measured after manufacturing a test module by stacking four of the lithium secondary battery fully charged by being charged to 4.35 V is 4 Ah/sec or less: Equation (1): VT=Ctotal/t.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material;
a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material; and
an electrolyte,
wherein:
the lithium secondary battery has a nominal voltage of 3.68 V or greater; and
the lithium secondary battery is configured so that
VT represented by Equation (1) below measured after manufacturing a test module by stacking four lithium secondary batteries, each of which is fully charged by being charged to 4.35 V, is 4 Ah/sec or less:
VT=Ctotal/t Equation (1)
wherein,
Ctotal is a total discharge capacity of a test module, and
t is time taken, after one lithium secondary battery disposed at the outermost periphery of the test module is heated so as to be ignited, from a point of time at which voltage of the lithium secondary battery disposed at the outermost periphery becomes 0 until the point of time at which the voltage of all four lithium secondary batteries in the test module becomes 0.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material includes 50 wt % or greater of a single particle-type lithium nickel-based oxide having a Ni content of 70 mol % or less based on all metals excluding lithium relative to a total weight of the positive electrode active material.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the single particle-type lithium nickel-based oxide comprises 30 or fewer nodules, wherein an average particle diameter of the nodules is 0.8 μm to 4.0 μm.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the single particle-type lithium nickel-based oxide is represented by Formula 1 below:
Li1+x[NiaCobMncM1d]O2 [Formula 1]
wherein, M1 includes one or more elements of Ti, Mg, Al, Zr, Y, Ba, Ca, Sr, W, Ta, Nb, or Mo, and
−0.1≤x≤0.1, 0.5≤a≤0.7, 0<b<0.5, 0<c<0.5, and 0≤d≤0.2.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 2, wherein the single particle-type lithium nickel-based oxide further comprises a coating layer on the surface thereof, wherein the coating layer includes one or more elements of Ti, Mg, Al, Zr, Y, Ba, Ca, Sr, W, Ta, Nb, or Mo.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material consists of a single particle-type lithium nickel-based oxide having a Ni content of 70 mol % or less based on all metals excluding lithium.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material consists of a carbon-based negative electrode active material.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises:
a negative electrode current collector;
a first negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector, the first negative electrode active material layer including a first negative electrode active material; and
a second negative electrode active material layer formed on the first negative electrode active material layer, the second negative electrode active material layer including a second negative electrode active material,
wherein each of the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material consists of a carbon-based negative electrode active material.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 8, wherein each of the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material is independently natural graphite, artificial graphite, or a mixture thereof.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 9, wherein a weight ratio of the artificial graphite to a total weight of the negative electrode active material in the second negative electrode active material layer is higher than a weight ratio of the artificial graphite to a total weight of the negative electrode active material in the first negative electrode active material layer.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the lithium secondary battery has an electrolyte weight per unit capacity of 1.0 g/Ah to 3.0 g/Ah.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein VT represented by Equation (1) is 1 Ah/sec to 4 Ah/sec.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises:
an organic solvent; and
a lithium salt,
wherein the electrolyte satisfies the following equation (2):
0
≤
W
1
≤
40.01
1
+
exp
⁡
(
a
-
69.9999
1.2
)
(
2
)
wherein,
WI is a content of an imide-based lithium salt among a total lithium salts, and
a is mol % Ni based on all metals excluding lithium of the positive electrode active material.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the lithium secondary battery has a charge cut-off voltage of 4.35 V or greater.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the lithium secondary battery has a charge cut-off voltage of 4.35 V to 4.5 V.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

A battery module comprising the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 as a unit cell.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The battery module according to claim 16, wherein the battery module comprises between 10 and 50 unit cells.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

A battery pack comprising the battery module of claim 16.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

A battery pack comprising the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 as a unit cell.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The battery pack according to claim 19, wherein the battery pack comprising between 10 and 1,000 unit cells.