# US 12,223,110 B1 · Secure integrated circuit for smart haptics > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,223,110 B1 - Document ID: US12223110B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 17/901,470 - Filed: 2022-09-01 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2021-09-23 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Denis G. Chen; Matthew T. Metzler; Eric M. Innis; Darya Amin-Shahidi; Shingo Yoneoka; Chi Kin Ho; Adriane S. Niehaus; Matthew N. Weege; Michael S. Weinstein; Tristan R. Hudson; Parin Patel; Jonathan A. Gordon - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12223110B1 ## CPC - G06F 3/016: {Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user} - G06F 3/0414: {using force sensing means to determine a position} - G06F 2203/04105: Pressure sensors for measuring the pressure or force exerted on the touch surface without providing the touch position - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract A software defined button includes a force sensor and a haptic output element. The button further includes an immutable logic core and a mutable logic core. The mutable logic core is configured to define one or more thresholds against which input received from the force sensor can be compared to determine whether a user input has been provided. The immutable logic core is configured to verify actual force input has been received when the mutable logic core signals that user input has been received. In response to receiving a verified force input, the haptic output element can be caused to be driven by one of the mutable or immutable logic cores to provide a haptic output to a user. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A portable electronic device comprising: a housing; a central processor within the housing; and a button defined through the housing, the button comprising: a force sensitive structure configured to receive a force input from a user; analog front-end circuitry conductively coupled to the force sensitive structure of the button and configured to provide, as output, an analog signal corresponding to the force input; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to receive the output of the analog front-end circuitry and to provide, as output, a digital value corresponding to a magnitude of the force input; and an immutable logic core coupled to the ADC and configured to generate a signal to the central processor indicating that a user input event has occurred in response to the force input exceeding a threshold. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The portable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the immutable logic core is configured to store unmodifiable instructions. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The portable electronic device of claim 1, the button comprising a master control unit coupled to the immutable logic core and configured to store modifiable instructions. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The portable electronic device of claim 3, wherein the button is a software defined button and the master control unit is configured to define at least one operation of the software defined button. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The portable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the master control unit is configured to signal the immutable logic core in response to the force input. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The portable electronic device of claim 5, wherein the immutable logic core is configured to generate the signal to the central processor in response to the signal from the master control unit only in response to determining that output of the ADC confirms that force was applied to the button. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The portable electronic device of claim 5, wherein the master control unit is configured to define the threshold. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The portable electronic device of claim 7, wherein: the threshold is a first threshold associated with a start of the user input event; and the master control unit is configured to define a second threshold associated with an end of the user input event. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The portable electronic device of claim 1, the button comprising a haptic output element coupled to the immutable logic core and configured to provide a haptic output via the button to the user in response to the user input event. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The portable electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a haptic output element configured to determine a target force value as a function of a gap change between two plates of the button for generating a haptic output according to the received force input at the button. ### Claim 11 A button for a portable electronic device, the button comprising: a force input sensor; a master control unit coupled to an immutable logic core, defining a first threshold and a second threshold, and configured to: generate a first signal indicating a start of a user input in response to the force input sensor providing output satisfying the first threshold; and generate a second signal indicating an end of the user input in response to the force input sensor providing output satisfying the second threshold; and the immutable logic core coupled to an output of the force input sensor and the master control unit, the immutable logic core configured to: receive the first signal from the master control unit and, in response, verify output from the force input sensor was received, prior to generating output indicating a user input is provided to the button; and receive the second signal from the master control unit and, in response, verify output from the force input sensor was received, prior to generating output indicating the user input provided to the button has terminated. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The button of claim 11, comprising a haptic output element, wherein the immutable logic core is configured to provide output to drive the haptic output element. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The button of claim 12, wherein the immutable logic core is configured to provide output to drive the haptic output element after receiving the first signal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The button of claim 12, wherein the haptic output element comprises a reluctance engine. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The button of claim 11, wherein the first threshold and the second threshold are stored, at least in part, in a memory of the master control unit. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The button of claim 11, wherein the immutable logic core is operable in a low power state and a normal state. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The button of claim 16, wherein: in the low power state, the immutable logic core receives power from a first supply rail; and in the normal state, the immutable logic core receives power from a second supply rail. ### Claim 18 A method of operating a software defined button, the method comprising: receiving, at an immutable logic core of the software defined button from a mutable logic core of the software defined button, output indicating a user input has occurred; verifying, by the immutable logic core, that a force input was received at a force input sensor of the software defined button; causing, by the immutable logic core of the software defined button, a haptic output to be provided in response to the user input; and in response to verifying that the force input was received, signaling by the immutable logic core a user input event has been received, and verified. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the mutable logic core and the immutable logic core are coupled to a force sensor of the software defined button. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the mutable logic core is configured to receive output from the force sensor and determine whether output from the force sensor satisfies a threshold prior to providing output to the immutable logic core indicating the user input has occurred.