# US 12,222,453 B2 · Optimized time of flight vision camera for a multi-camera environment > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,222,453 B2 - Document ID: US12222453B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/978,073 - Filed: 2019-03-01 - Published: 2020-12-31 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-07 - Assignees: Teledyne E2V Semiconductors SAS - Applicants: Teledyne e2v Semiconductors SAS - Inventors: Pierre Fereyre; Christophe Mailland; Pierre-Emmanuel Ville - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12222453B2 ## CPC - G01S 7/486: Receivers - G01S 7/484: Transmitters - G01S 17/10: using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves (determination of distance by phase measurements G01S17/32) - G01S 17/894: Three-dimensional [3D] imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a two-dimensional [2D] array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES ## Abstract The invention concerns a TOF vision camera and proposes an electronic control circuit comprising a modulation circuit MOD for modulating the carrier clock signal, applying a camera-specific pulse position modulation function k(t) in order to output a modulation clock signal fe which is applied in the camera as a camera light source modulation signal S-LED, in order to control the emission of a series of light pulses SE and in order to synchronously control the N capture phases ST0, ST1, ST2, ST3 of the matrix image sensor CI of the camera. This modulation clock signal fe is such that the clock pulses fe have a constant pulse duration Tp, fixed by the carrier frequency fp, where Tp=½fp, and with a variable time interval Toff between two successive pulses, modulated by said modulation function k(t), said time interval being at least equal to the pulse duration, defining a modulation clock cycle ratio fe that is variable but less than or equal to 50%. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A vision camera located within a camera housing and configured to measure time-of-flight at N capture phases, wherein N is an integer of at least 2, the vision camera comprising: an electronic control circuit (C-MOD) configured to receive a carrier clock signal having a camera-defined carrier frequency (fp), and configured to produce a modulation clock signal (fe) at the carrier frequency; a light emission source (S-LED), modulated by the modulation clock signal (fe), configured to emit a series of light pulses (SE) towards a target scene, wherein a duration (Tp) of a pulse and an interval between two successive pulses (Toff0) define a duty cycle of less than or equal to 50%; and an image array sensor (CI) configured to receive the modulation clock signal and capture image samples corresponding to the N image capture phases (ST0, ST1, ST2, ST3) per integration period (TINT), wherein the N capture phases are synchronized with the light pulses emitted by the source, and wherein the integration period corresponds to a time period of the carrier clock signal, wherein the electronic control circuit comprises a modulation circuit (MOD) configured to generate the modulation clock signal by applying a camera-specific pulse position modulation function (k (t)) to the carrier clock signal, wherein the pulse position modulation function is a synthesized periodic signal having a frequency lower than the carrier frequency such that the pulses of the modulation clock signal (fe) have a constant pulse duration (Tp) equal to ½ (fp), and a variable time interval (Toff) between two successive pulses, and wherein the variable time interval (Toff) is modulated by the modulation function (k(t)), such that the variable time interval (Toff) is at least equal to the pulse duration, thereby defining a variable modulation clock duty cycle which is less than or equal to 50%. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The vision camera according to claim 1, wherein the synthesized periodic signal is a sinusoidal signal supplied by a phase-locked loop. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The vision camera according to claim 1, wherein the modulation function (k(t)) is a function that is configurable by the camera. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The vision camera according to claim 1, wherein the electronic control circuit is an integrated circuit in the camera's sensor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The vision camera according to claim 1, wherein the modulation function is such that the modulation clock duty cycle varies between 10% and 30%. ### Claim 6 An image array sensor, comprising: an electronic control circuit configured to receive a carrier clock signal having a carrier frequency (fp) corresponding to an operating distance defined for a time-of-flight measurement made in N capture phases per carrier clock period, wherein N is an integer of at least 2, wherein the electronic control circuit comprises: a modulation circuit (C-MOD) configured to generate the carrier clock signal by applying a pulse position modulation function (k(t)) to the carrier clock signal, wherein the pulse position modulation function is a synthesized periodic signal having a frequency (fmod1) lower than the carrier frequency, such that the pulses of the modulation clock signal (fe) have a constant pulse duration (Tp) equal to ½ the carrier frequency (fp), and a variable time interval (Toff) between two successive pulses, wherein the variable time interval (Toff) is modulated by the modulation function, such that the variable time interval (Toff) is at least equal to the pulse duration, thereby defining a variable modulation clock duty cycle, which is less than or equal to 50%, and wherein the image array sensor is configured to provide the modulation clock (fe) to a pixel array sequencing circuit (SEQ) of the image array sensor, in order to synchronize the N capture phases with the modulation clock signal and provide an external synchronization signal to a time-of-flight vision camera's light source (S-LED). ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The image array sensor according to claim 6, wherein the synthesized periodic signal is a sinusoidal signal provided by a phase-locked loop. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The image array sensor according to claim 6, wherein the modulation function (k(t)) is a configurable function. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The image array sensor according to claim 6, wherein the modulation function is such that the modulation clock duty cycle varies between 10% and 30%.