# US 12,222,319 B2 · Repeated cycles square wave voltammetry > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,222,319 B2 - Document ID: US12222319B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/698,263 - Filed: 2022-03-18 - Published: 2023-09-21 - Granted: 2025-02-11 - Earliest claimed: 2022-03-18 - Assignees: Hach Company - Applicants: Hach Company - Inventors: David Langley Rick - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12222319B2 ## CPC - G01N 27/48: using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage - G01R 19/02: Measuring effective values, i.e. root-mean-square values - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) ## Abstract An embodiment provides a method for measuring a component of an aqueous sample using square wave voltammetry, including: introducing the aqueous sample to a chamber of a square wave voltammetry apparatus; applying a stimulus voltage step to the aqueous sample, wherein the stimulus voltage comprises a staircase voltage, wherein each step of the staircase voltage defines a group and comprises two or more repeated square wave modulations of equal voltage amplitude; measuring a resultant current output resulting from the stimulus voltage, wherein the measuring comprises square wave voltammetry; and averaging the resultant current output across at least two or more cycles of each group. Other aspects are described and claimed. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for measuring a component of an aqueous sample using square wave voltammetry, comprising: introducing the aqueous sample to a chamber of a square wave voltammetry apparatus; applying a stimulus voltage step to the aqueous sample, wherein the stimulus voltage comprises a staircase voltage, wherein each step of the staircase voltage defines a group and comprises two or more repeated square wave modulations of equal voltage amplitude to the same voltage; measuring a resultant current output resulting from the stimulus voltage, wherein the measuring comprises square wave voltammetry; and averaging the resultant current output across the two or more repeated square wave modulations of the group, wherein the averaging consists essentially of separating the resultant current output into a positive half cycle resultant current output and a negative half cycle resultant current output, each of which is passed thru a finite impulse response filter. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the averaging comprises a uniform weighting of each group. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the averaging comprises a non-uniform weighting of each group. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the averaging further comprises selecting the non-uniform weighting to filter out from the resulting current output contamination due to interference from a 60 Hz signal and harmonics thereof from AC power lines. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the non-uniform weighting results in a null at a selected response frequency that will suppress any interference from an AC line at that frequency. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein the interference frequency comprises an interference from an alternating current power supply. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the non-uniform weighting comprises a triangular weighting. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the period length of the averaged cycles is equal to the period length of an integer number of power source cycles in an AC power line. ### Claim 9 A device for measuring a component of an aqueous sample using square wave voltammetry, comprising: a voltammetric electrode; at least one reference electrode; at least one counter electrode; and a memory storing instructions executable by a processor to: apply a stimulus voltage step to the aqueous sample, wherein the stimulus voltage comprises a staircase voltage, wherein each step of the staircase voltage defines a group and comprises two or more repeated square wave modulations of equal voltage amplitude; measure a resultant current output resulting from the stimulus voltage, wherein the measuring comprises square wave voltammetry; and average the resultant current output across the two or more repeated square wave modulations of the group, wherein the averaging consists essentially of separating the resultant current output into a positive half cycle resultant current output and a negative half cycle resultant current output, each of which is passed thru a finite impulse response filter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The device of claim 9, wherein the averaging comprises a uniform weighting of each group. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The device of claim 9, wherein the averaging comprises a non-uniform weighting of each group. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The device of claim 11, wherein the averaging further comprises selecting the non-uniform weighting to filter out from the resulting current output contamination due to interference from a 60 Hz signal and harmonics thereof from AC power lines. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The device of claim 12, wherein the non-uniform weighting results in a null at a selected response frequency that will suppress any interference from an AC line at that frequency. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the interference frequency comprises an interference from an alternating current power supply. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The device of claim 11, wherein the non-uniform weighting comprises a triangular weighting. ### Claim 16 (depends on 9) The device of claim 9, wherein the period length of the averaged cycles is equal to the period length of an integer number of power source cycles in an AC power line. ### Claim 17 A system for measuring a component of an aqueous sample using square wave voltammetry, comprising: a voltammetric electrode; at least one reference electrode; at least one counter electrode; and a storage device having code stored therewith, the code being executable by the processor and comprising: code that applies a stimulus voltage step to the aqueous sample, wherein the stimulus voltage comprises a staircase voltage, wherein each step of the staircase voltage defines a group and comprises repeated square wave modulations of equal voltage amplitude; code that measures a resultant current output resulting from the stimulus voltage, wherein the measuring comprises square wave voltammetry; and code that averages the resultant current output across the two or more repeated square wave modulations of the group, wherein the averaging consists essentially of separating the resultant current output into a positive half cycle resultant current output and a negative half cycle resultant current output, each of which is passed thru a finite impulse response filter.