# US 12,222,226 B2 · Variable reluctance position sensor

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- Number: US 12,222,226 B2
- Document ID: US12222226B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/927,845
- Filed: 2021-05-24
- Published: 2023-07-13
- Granted: 2025-02-11
- Earliest claimed: 2020-05-27
- Assignees: Lappeenrannan-Lahden Teknillinen Yliopisto Lut
- Applicants: Lappeenrannan-Lahden Teknillinen Yliopisto Lut
- Inventors: Juha Pyrhönen; Chong Di; Ilya Petrov
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12222226B2

## CPC

- G01D 5/2046: {by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core}
- G01B 7/003: {for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination (coordinate measuring G01B7/004)}
- G01D: MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01B: MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS

## Abstract

A variable reluctance position sensor includes a first element having magnetic sensor sections having excitation coils, first detection coils, and second detection coils, and a second element moveable with respect to the first element. An airgap surface of the second element is periodically meandering. When an alternating signal is supplied to the excitation coils, envelopes of alternating signals induced in the first and second detection coils are dependent on a position of the second element so that the envelopes have a phase shift with respect to each other. The number of the magnetic sensor sections is 1+nP2/P1, where P1 is a spatial shift between successive magnetic sensor sections, P2 is a spatial meandering period of the airgap surface, and n is an integer. The magnetic sensor section in addition to the nP2/P1 magnetic sensor sections is suitable for compensating for unwanted effects caused by ends of the first element.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A variable reluctance position sensor comprising:
a first element comprising a plurality of magnetic sensor sections equidistantly successively, and
a second element moveable with respect to the first element and comprising an air-gap surface having a periodically meandering profile with at least two spatial meandering periods,
wherein:
each of the magnetic sensor sections is configured to conduct a magnetic flux to and from the second element via the airgap surface of the second element, and
the magnetic sensor sections comprise excitation coils, first detection coils configured to produce a first alternating output signal when alternating excitation signal is supplied to the excitation coils, and second detection coils configured to produce a second alternating output signal when the alternating excitation signal is supplied to the excitation coils, amplitudes of the first and second alternating output signals being dependent on a position of the second element with respect to the first element so that envelopes of the first and second alternating output signals have a phase-shift with respect to each other,
wherein a number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is:
N=1+n P2/P1,
where P1 is a spatial shift between successive ones of the magnetic sensor sections, P2 is the spatial meandering period of the profile of the airgap surface of the second element, P2/P1 is an integer greater than one, and n is a positive integer.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 1, wherein the variable reluctance position sensor is a variable reluctance resolver in which the first element is a stator and the second element is a rotor that is rotatable with respect to the stator, the magnetic sensor sections being equidistantly successively along an arc of a geometric circle and the position of the second element with respect to the first element being a rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 2, wherein the airgap surface of the rotor faces radially towards the stator and a radius of the rotor is a periodic function of a center angle with respect to a reference direction fixed to the rotor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 3, wherein the rotor comprises electrically insulated ferromagnetic sheets stacked in an axial direction of the rotor.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 2, wherein the airgap surface of the rotor faces axially towards the stator and the rotor and the stator are axially successive.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 5, wherein the rotor comprises a roll of electrically insulated ferromagnetic sheet, a geometric axis of the roll coinciding with a geometric axis of rotation of the rotor.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 1, wherein the variable reluctance position sensor is a linear position sensor configured measure a position of the second element with respect to the first element in a direction of a linear movement of the first element with respect to the second element.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 1, wherein the number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is an odd number.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 8, wherein the number of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is N=2M+1, where M is a positive integer, the first detection coils are in 2nd, 4th, . . . , and 2Mth ones of the magnetic sensor sections, the second detection coils are in 1st, 3rd, . . . , and 2M+1th ones of the magnetic sensor sections, and:
Ns(2i)=Ns0 sin [2p(2i−1)/(2M)],i=1, . . . ,M, and
Nc(2j+1)=Nc0 cos [2p(2j)/(2M)]+Na(2j+1),j=0, . . . ,M,
where Ns0 and Nc0 are predetermined integers, an absolute value of Ns(2i) is a number of turns of the first detection coil in 2ith one of the magnetic sensor sections, an absolute value of Nc(2j+1) is a number of turns of the second detection coil in 2j+1th one of the magnetic sensor sections, a sign of the Ns(2i) is indicative of a winding direction of the first detection coil in the 2ith one of the magnetic sensor sections, a sign of Nc(2j+1) is indicative of a winding direction of the second detection coil in the 2j+1th one of the magnetic sensor sections, and Na(2j+1) is a predetermined integer when j=0 or M, and otherwise Na(2j+1) is zero.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The A-variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 9,
wherein:
Ne(k)=(−1)(k+1)Ne0,k=1, . . . ,2M+1,
where Ne0 is a predetermined integer, an absolute value of Ne(k) is a number of turns of the excitation coil in kth one of the magnetic sensor sections, and a sign of Ne(k) is indicative of a winding direction of the excitation coil in the kth one of the magnetic sensor sections.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The A-variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 1, wherein each of the magnetic sensor sections has a magnetic core element separate from magnetic core elements of other ones of the magnetic sensor sections.

### Claim 12 (depends on 2)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 2, wherein the number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is an odd number.

### Claim 13 (depends on 3)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 3, wherein the number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is an odd number.

### Claim 14 (depends on 4)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 4, wherein the number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is an odd number.

### Claim 15 (depends on 5)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 5, wherein the number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is an odd number.

### Claim 16 (depends on 6)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 6, wherein the number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is an odd number.

### Claim 17 (depends on 7)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 7, wherein the number N of the magnetic sensor sections of the first element is an odd number.

### Claim 18 (depends on 2)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 2, wherein each of the magnetic sensor sections has a magnetic core element separate from magnetic core elements of other ones of the magnetic sensor sections.

### Claim 19 (depends on 3)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 3, wherein each of the magnetic sensor sections has a magnetic core element separate from magnetic core elements of other ones of the magnetic sensor sections.

### Claim 20 (depends on 4)

The variable reluctance position sensor according to claim 4, wherein each of the magnetic sensor sections has a magnetic core element separate from magnetic core elements of other ones of the magnetic sensor sections.