# US 12,218,348 B2 · Expanded hydrated vanadate

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- Number: US 12,218,348 B2
- Document ID: US12218348B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/606,354
- Filed: 2020-05-15
- Published: 2022-07-28
- Granted: 2025-02-04
- Earliest claimed: 2019-05-15
- Assignees: University of Washington
- Applicants: University of Washington
- Inventors: Guozhong Cao; Chaofeng Liu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12218348B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/485: of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence)
- H01M 10/36: Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to cation-stabilized expanded hydrated vanadates, electrodes made therefrom, and batteries incorporating cathodes made from the cation-stabilized expanded hydrated vanadate.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A composition comprising a cationically stabilized vanadate hydrate having the chemical formula MxV2O5·nH2O, wherein M is a cation and having a structure defined by layers of vanadium oxide separated by the cation and water, which provide spacing and stabilization between the layers, wherein the cationically stabilized vanadate hydrate has a greater interplanar spacing when compared to a vanadate hydrate formed by the same method but without the cation, and wherein the interplanar spacing is about 12.9 Å.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationically stabilized vanadate hydrate is present predominantly in a single phase.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationically stabilized vanadate hydrate is structurally and thermally more stable when compared to a vanadate hydrate formed by the same method but without the cation.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic stabilization results from an inclusion of a cation of optimal ionic radius selected from the group of manganese, chromium, titanium, scandium, iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, cadmium, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic stabilization results from an inclusion of a cation selected from the group of calcium, magnesium, potassium, aluminum, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein M is a Mn (II) cation.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the cation is bonded to the vanadium oxide.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

An electrode comprising a composition according to claim 1.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The electrode of claim 8, wherein the electrode is configured for use in a battery.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The electrode of claim 9, wherein the battery is multivalent-ion battery.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The electrode of claim 10, wherein the battery is an aqueous zinc-ion battery.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The electrode of claim 8, wherein the specific capacity is 250 mAh/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g or greater.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The electrode of claim 8, wherein the electrode is configured for use in a supercapacitor.

### Claim 14

An aqueous battery comprising a cathode, the cathode comprising:
a cationically stabilized vanadate hydrate having a structure defined by layers of vanadium oxide separated by a cation and water, which provide spacing and stabilization between the layers,
wherein the cathode comprises the chemical formula MxV2O5·nH2O, wherein M is Mn (II),
wherein the specific capacity is 400 mAh/g at a current density of 0.05 A/g or greater, and
wherein the battery has a capacity retention of 80% or greater.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The aqueous battery of claim 14, wherein the aqueous battery is multivalent-ion battery.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The aqueous battery of claim 15, wherein the battery is an aqueous zinc-ion battery.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The aqueous battery of claim 14, wherein the battery has a shelf life of 50 days or greater.

### Claim 18 (depends on 14)

The aqueous battery of claim 14, wherein the battery has an energy efficiency of 70% or greater.