# US 12,218,344 B2 · Nanoporous lithium vanadium fluorophosphate materials and cathodes for fast charging li-ion batteries

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- Number: US 12,218,344 B2
- Document ID: US12218344B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/568,898
- Filed: 2022-01-05
- Published: 2022-06-30
- Granted: 2025-02-04
- Earliest claimed: 2019-07-17
- Assignees: The Regents of the University of California
- Applicants: The Regents of the University of California
- Inventors: Sarah H. Tolbert; Terri C. Lin
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12218344B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/366: {as layered products}
- H01M 4/136: Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
- H01M 4/5825: {Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines}
- H01M 4/625: {Carbon or graphite}
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Nanoporous carbon coated lithium vanadium fluorophosphate materials and cathodes for fast charging li-ion batteries are described. Formation of the materials using polymer-templating is also described.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the cathode material comprising:
carbon coated nanoporous lithium vanadium fluorophosphate (c-nLVPF) having a templated pore structure;
wherein the cathode material is synthesized using a combination of a fluoropolymer and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloids that provide a fluorine source, an oxygen scavenger, and a template material for forming the pore structure in the cathode material.

### Claim 2

A cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the cathode material comprising:
carbon coated nanoporous lithium vanadium fluorophosphate (c-nLVPF) having a substantially uniform pore structure;
wherein the cathode material is synthesized using a combination of a fluoropolymer and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloids that provide a fluorine source, an oxygen scavenger, and a template material for forming the pore structure in the cathode material.

### Claim 3

A cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the cathode material comprising:
carbon coated nanoporous lithium vanadium fluorophosphate (c-nLVPF) having a substantially uniform templated pore structure;
wherein the cathode material is synthesized using a combination of a fluoropolymer and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloids that provide a fluorine source, an oxygen scavenger, and a template material for forming the pore structure in the cathode material.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2, 3)

The cathode material of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the pore structure comprises:
interconnected pore walls having a thickness from about 10 nm to about 500 nm; and
pores having a diameter from about 10 nm to about 500 nm.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1, 2, 3)

The cathode material of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the pore structure comprises interconnected pore walls having a carbon coating with a thickness from about 2 nm to 200 nm.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2, 3)

The cathode material of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the pore structure comprises interconnected pore walls having a carbon coating with a thickness of about 5 nm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1, 2, 3)

The cathode material of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the pore structure is formed using a fluoropolymer as a template material.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The cathode material of claim 7, wherein the fluoropolymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

### Claim 9 (depends on 1, 2, 3)

The cathode material of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the fluoropolymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

### Claim 10 (depends on 1, 2, 3)

The cathode material of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the cathode material exhibits diffusion controlled charge storage.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The cathode material of claim 10, wherein a phase transition occurs in the cathode material during charge and discharge.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1, 2, 3)

The cathode material of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the cathode material is a component of a Nb2O5|c-nLVPF cell.