# US 12,216,542 B2 · Data storage based on characteristics of storage media > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,216,542 B2 - Document ID: US12216542B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/530,457 - Filed: 2023-12-06 - Published: 2024-05-30 - Granted: 2025-02-04 - Earliest claimed: 2017-11-21 - Assignees: Pure Storage, Inc. - Applicants: Pure Storage, Inc. - Inventors: Ethan Miller; Robert Lee; Par Botes; Ronald Karr - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12216542B2 ## CPC - G06F 11/1076: {Parity data used in redundant arrays of independent storages, e.g. in RAID systems} - G06F 11/108: {Parity data distribution in semiconductor storages, e.g. in SSD} - G06F 12/0253: {Garbage collection, i.e. reclamation of unreferenced memory} - G06F 21/6227: {where protection concerns the structure of data, e.g. records, types, queries} - G06F 21/6236: {between heterogeneous systems} - G06F 21/64: Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures - G06F 2212/1044: Space efficiency improvement - G06F 2212/403: Error protection encoding, e.g. using parity or ECC codes - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract Providing for increased flexibility for large scale parity, the including: writing data to a storage system, including utilizing a first data protection scheme; identifying, for storage media in the storage system, characteristics of the storage media; identifying, in dependence up the characteristics for the storage media, a second data protection scheme to use for the data; and writing the data to the to the storage system utilizing the second data protection scheme. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: determining a data protection scheme using failure characteristics of storage media identified by a likelihood of failure associated with one or more failure types; and storing, using the data protection scheme, valid data that was previously stored using another data protection scheme. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the data protection scheme includes a locally repairable code. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein identifying failure characteristics of the storage media further comprises determining a likelihood of failure for a plurality of failure types, wherein the plurality of failure types include one or more of block failure or solid-state drive (SSD) failure. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the data protection scheme is identified in further dependence of one or more access characteristics for the valid data. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the data protection scheme is identified in further dependence of a desired level of service for the valid data. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein identifying failure characteristics of the storage media comprises identifying measured failure characteristics of the storage media. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the measured failure characteristics include at least one of block error rates, page error rates, and drive error rates. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein identifying failure characteristics of the storage media comprises identifying projected failure characteristics of the storage media. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the projected failure characteristics include at least one of projected block error rates, projected page error rates, and projected drive error rates. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the projected failure characteristics are determined based on information gathered from at least one of measured characteristics of similar storage media from a storage system that includes the storage media, measured characteristics of similar storage media from other storage systems, and mathematical equations developed from specifications provided by a manufacturer of the storage media. ### Claim 11 A storage system comprising a plurality of solid-state storage devices, a computer processor, a computer memory operatively coupled to the computer processor, the computer memory having disposed within it computer program instructions that, when executed by the computer processor, cause the storage system to carry out the steps of: determining a data protection scheme using failure characteristics of storage media identified by a likelihood of failure associated with one or more failure types; and storing, using the data protection scheme, valid data that was previously stored using another data protection scheme. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The storage system of claim 11, wherein the data protection scheme includes a locally repairable code. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The storage system of claim 11, wherein identifying failure characteristics of the storage media further comprises determining a likelihood of failure for a plurality of failure types, wherein the plurality of failure types include one or more of block failure or solid-state drive (SSD) failure. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The storage system of claim 11, wherein the data protection scheme is identified in further dependence of one or more access characteristics for the valid data. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The storage system of claim 11, wherein the data protection scheme is identified in further dependence of a desired level of service for the valid data. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The storage system of claim 11, wherein identifying failure characteristics of the storage media comprises identifying measured failure characteristics of the storage media. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The storage system of claim 16, wherein the measured failure characteristics include at least one of block error rates, page error rates, and drive error rates. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) The storage system of claim 11, wherein identifying failure characteristics of the storage media comprises identifying projected failure characteristics of the storage media. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The storage system of claim 18, wherein the projected failure characteristics include at least one of projected block error rates, projected page error rates, and projected drive error rates. ### Claim 20 A computer program product disposed upon a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program product comprising computer program instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to carry out the steps of: determining a data protection scheme using failure characteristics of storage media identified by a likelihood of failure associated with one or more failure types; and storing, using the data protection scheme, valid data that was previously stored using another data protection scheme.