# US 12,216,219 B2 · Radio frequency (RF) ranging in propagation limited RF environments utilizing aerial vehicles

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- Number: US 12,216,219 B2
- Document ID: US12216219B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/592,686
- Filed: 2024-03-01
- Published: 2024-06-20
- Granted: 2025-02-04
- Earliest claimed: 2019-05-15
- Assignees: RTR Technologies, Inc.
- Applicants: RTR Technologies, Inc
- Inventors: David Farrell; Thomas Pattison
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12216219B2

## CPC

- G01S 13/767: {Responders; Transponders (teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using reflecting targets or active targets F41G3/26)}
- G01S 19/46: the supplementary measurement being of a radio-wave signal type
- G01S 7/003: {Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations}
- G01S 13/84: for distance determination by phase measurement
- G01S 13/878: {Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector (G01S13/874 takes precedence)}
- G01S 19/115: {Airborne or satellite based pseudolites or repeaters}
- G01S 19/51: Relative positioning
- G01S 13/882: {for altimeters (measuring height using barometric means G01C5/06)}
- G01S 19/14: specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES

## Abstract

The embodiments described herein provide ranging capabilities in RF-opaque environments, such as a jungle, that preclude the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and/or laser ranging systems, utilizing transponders and GPS receivers located on aerial vehicles. The aerial vehicles operate above the RF-opaque environment, and communicate with a ranging device within the RF-opaque environment on frequencies that propagate in the RF-opaque environment. The ranging device transmits RF signals to the transponders, which are received by the transponders and sent back to the ranging device. The aerial vehicles also provide their coordinates to the ranging device using their GPS receivers. The ranging device uses information about the transmitted and received RF signals and the GPS coordinates of the aerial vehicles to calculate a distance to a property line from the ranging device, and/or to calculate a coordinate location of the ranging device.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A ranging system, comprising:
transponders mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles; and
a range detector configured to determine first GPS coordinates of a first unmanned aerial vehicle when hovering proximate to a first known location, and to determine second GPS coordinates of a second unmanned aerial vehicle when hovering proximate to a second known location;
for each transponder of the transponders mounted to the first unmanned aerial vehicle and the second unmanned aerial vehicle, the range detector is further configured to calculate a distance between the range detector and the transponder based on Radio Frequency (RF) signals exchanged with the transponder;
the range detector is further configured to calculate a position of the range detector relative to the first known location and the second known location based on the distance calculated between the range detector and the transponder mounted to the first unmanned aerial vehicle, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the first known location, the distance calculated between the range detector and the transponder mounted to the second unmanned aerial vehicle, a distance between the second GPS coordinates and the second known location, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the second GPS coordinates, and a distance between the first known location and the second known location.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The ranging system of claim 1, wherein:
the range detector is further configured to perform a correlation between a first RF signal transmitted to the transponder and a second RF signal received from the transponder in response to the first RF signal, to calculate an integer wavelength delay based on the correlation, and to calculate the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the integer wavelength delay.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The ranging system of claim 2, wherein:
the range detector is further configured to determine a phase difference between the first RF signal and the second RF signal, to calculate a fractional wavelength delay based on the phase difference, and to calculate the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the integer wavelength delay and the fractional wavelength delay.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The ranging system of claim 1, wherein:
the first known location and the second known location are on a property line of a property; and
the range detector is further configured to calculate the position of the range detector as a distance from the range detector to the property line, and to provide information to a user regarding the distance calculated from the range detector to the property line through a user interface.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The ranging system of claim 4, wherein:
the user interface is configured to provide real-time changes to the distance calculated from the range detector to the property line when the range detector is in motion.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The ranging system of claim 4, wherein:
the user interface is configured to visually display the distance calculated from the range detector to the property line.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The ranging system of claim 4, wherein:
the user interface is configured to visually display graphical information representing a relative proximity of the range detector to the property line based on the distance calculated from the range detector to the property line.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The ranging system of claim 4, wherein:
the user interface is configured to generate a sound that varies as the range detector moves away or toward the property line.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The ranging system of claim 4, wherein:
the user interface is configured to generate a vibration that varies as the range detector moves away or toward the property line.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The ranging system of claim 1, wherein:
the range detector is further configured to transmit a first RF signal at a transmit frequency to the transponder, to receive a second RF signal at a receive frequency from the transponder in response to the first RF signal, and to calculate the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the first RF signal and the second RF signal.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The ranging system of claim 10, wherein:
the first RF signal transmitted includes an address that indicates which of the transponders will respond to the first RF signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The ranging system of claim 10, wherein:
the receive frequency is lower than the transmit frequency.

### Claim 13

A method, comprising:
operating a first unmanned aerial vehicle to hover proximate to a first known location;
operating a second unmanned aerial vehicle to hover proximate to a second known location, wherein each of the first unmanned aerial vehicle and the second unmanned aerial vehicle have a transponder mounted thereon; and
operating a range detector by:
determining first GPS coordinates of the first unmanned aerial vehicle hovering proximate to the first known location;
determining second GPS coordinates of the second unmanned aerial vehicle hovering proximate to the second known location;
for each of the first unmanned aerial vehicle and the second unmanned aerial vehicle, calculating a distance between the range detector and the transponder based on Radio Frequency (RF) signals exchanged with the transponder; and
calculating a position of the range detector relative to the first known location and the second known location based on the distance calculated between the range detector and the transponder mounted to the first unmanned aerial vehicle, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the first known location, the distance calculated between the range detector and the transponder mounted to the second unmanned aerial vehicle, a distance between the second GPS coordinates and the second known location, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the second GPS coordinates, and a distance between the first known location and the second known location.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein calculating the distance between the range detector and the transponder further comprises:
performing a correlation between a first RF signal transmitted to the transponder and a second RF signal received from the transponder in response to the first RF signal;
calculating an integer wavelength delay based on the correlation; and
calculating the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the integer wavelength delay.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein calculating the distance between the range detector and the transponder further comprises:
determining a phase difference between the first RF signal and the second RF signal;
calculating a fractional wavelength delay based on the phase difference; and
calculating the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the integer wavelength delay and the fractional wavelength delay.

### Claim 16

A ranging system, comprising:
a transponder mounted to an unmanned aerial vehicle; and
a range detector configured to:
when the unmanned aerial vehicle is hovering proximate to a first known location, determine first GPS coordinates of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and calculate a distance between the range detector and the transponder based on Radio Frequency (RF) signals exchanged with the transponder;
when the unmanned aerial vehicle is hovering proximate to a second known location, determine second GPS coordinates of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and calculate the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the RF signals exchanged with the transponder; and
calculate a position of the range detector relative to the first known location and the second known location based on the distance calculated between the range detector and the transponder with the unmanned aerial vehicle at the first GPS coordinates, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the first known location, the distance calculated between the range detector and the transponder with the unmanned aerial vehicle at the second GPS coordinates, a distance between the second GPS coordinates and the second known location, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the second GPS coordinates, and a distance between the first known location and the second known location.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The ranging system of claim 16, wherein:
the range detector is further configured to perform a correlation between a first RF signal transmitted to the transponder and a second RF signal received from the transponder in response to the first RF signal, to calculate an integer wavelength delay based on the correlation, and to calculate the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the integer wavelength delay.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The ranging system of claim 17, wherein:
the range detector is further configured to determine a phase difference between the first RF signal and the second RF signal, to calculate a fractional wavelength delay based on the phase difference, and to calculate the distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the integer wavelength delay and the fractional wavelength delay.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The ranging system of claim 16, wherein:
the first known location and the second known location are on a property line of a property; and
the range detector is further configured to calculate the position of the range detector as a distance from the range detector to the property line, and to provide information to a user regarding the distance calculated from the range detector to the property line through a user interface.

### Claim 20

A method, comprising:
operating an unmanned aerial vehicle to hover proximate to a first known location, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle has a transponder mounted thereon;
operating a range detector by:
determining first GPS coordinates of the unmanned aerial vehicle hovering proximate to the first known location; and
calculating a first distance between the range detector and the transponder based on Radio Frequency (RF) signals exchanged with the transponder;
moving the unmanned aerial vehicle to hover proximate to a second known location;
wherein the operating of the range detector further comprises:
determining second GPS coordinates of the unmanned aerial vehicle hovering proximate to the second known location; and
calculating a second distance between the range detector and the transponder based on the RF signals exchanged with the transponder;
wherein the operating of the range detector further comprises:
calculating a position of the range detector relative to the first known location and the second known location based on the first distance, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the first known location, the second distance, a distance between the second GPS coordinates and the second known location, a distance between the first GPS coordinates and the second GPS coordinates, and a distance between the first known location and the second known location.