# US 12,216,176 B2 · Distributed battery property measurement system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,216,176 B2 - Document ID: US12216176B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/064,051 - Filed: 2022-12-09 - Published: 2023-06-15 - Granted: 2025-02-04 - Earliest claimed: 2021-12-10 - Assignees: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company - Applicants: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company - Inventors: Yijing Lin; Yiwei Bai - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12216176B2 ## CPC - G01R 31/396: Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery - B60L 58/10: for monitoring or controlling batteries - B60L 58/16: responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH] - G01R 31/3842: combining voltage and current measurements - G01R 31/389: Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables - G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health - H02J 7/80: including monitoring or indicating arrangements - B60L 2240/547: Voltage - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY ## Abstract A battery management system may include a host microcontroller, operated in accordance with a first clock signal. The battery management system may also include a first sensor, which may be configured to measure a first value of a first group of one or more cells in a battery system. A first AFE circuit may include a first pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller, which may be configured to at least one of enable or power on the first sensor while a first PWM signal from the first PWM controller is in a first state, and may be configured to at least one of disable or power off the first sensor while the first PWM signal is in a second state. The first AFE circuit may also include a first storage register, which may be configured to receive a representation of the first value measured while the first sensor is on and enabled. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A battery management system comprising: a host microcontroller, operated in accordance with a first clock signal; a first sensor, configured to measure a first value of a first group of one or more cells in a battery system; a first analog front end (AFE) circuit, wherein the first AFE circuit is operated in accordance with a second clock signal that is unsynchronized with the first clock signal, the first AFE circuit comprising: a first pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller, configured to at least one of enable or power on the first sensor while a first PWM signal from the first PWM controller is in a first state, and configured to at least one of disable or power off the first sensor while the first PWM signal is in a second state; a first storage register, configured to receive a representation of the first value measured while the first sensor is on and enabled, and configured to store the received first value until another representation of the first value is received; and wherein the first AFE circuit transfers a representation of a value in the first storage register to the host microcontroller in response to a request from the host microcontroller. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising: a second sensor, configured to measure a second value of a second group of one or more cells in the battery system; a second analog front end (AFE) circuit, wherein the second AFE circuit is operated in accordance with a third clock signal that is unsynchronized with the first clock signal, the second AFE circuit comprising: a second pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller, configured to at least one of enable or power on the second sensor while a second PWM signal from the second PWM controller is in a first state, and configured to at least one of disable or power off the second sensor while the second PWM signal is in a second state; a second storage register, configured to receive a representation of the second value measured while the second sensor is on and enabled, and configured to store the received second value until another representation of the second value is received; and wherein the second AFE circuit transfers a representation of a value in the second storage register to the host microcontroller in response to a request from the host microcontroller. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The battery management system of claim 2, wherein the third clock signal is unsynchronized with the second clock signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the first sensor includes at least one of a temperature sensor, an impedance sensor, a battery state-of-charge sensor, or a pressure sensor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising: a third sensor, configured to measure a third value of the first group of one or more cells; and wherein the first AFE circuit further comprises: a third pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller, configured to at least one of enable or power on the third sensor while a third PWM signal from the third PWM controller is in a first state, and configured to at least one of disable or power off the third sensor while the third PWM signal is in a second state; a third storage register, configured to receive a representation of the third value measured while the third sensor is on and enabled, and configured to store the received third value until another representation of the third value is received; and wherein the first AFE circuit transfers a representation of a value in the third storage register to the host microcontroller in response to a request from the host microcontroller. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The battery management system of claim 5, wherein the third sensor includes a different type of sensor than the first sensor. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The battery management system of claim 5, wherein the third PWM controller and the first PWM controller comprise the same PWM controller. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the first PWM controller has configurable settings for a frequency and a duty cycle of the first PWM controller. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The battery management system of claim 8, wherein the configurable settings for the frequency and the duty cycle of the first PWM controller are configured by storing values in a frequency register and a duty cycle register of the first PWM controller respectively. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The battery management system of claim 9, wherein the first storage register is controlled by a first storage register controller, wherein the first storage register controller is configured to allow a representation of the first value measured while the first sensor is powered on and enabled to be stored in the first storage register, and is configured to prevent a representation of the first value measured while the first sensor is not powered on and enabled from being stored in the first storage register. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The battery management system of claim 10, wherein the first storage register controller has a configurable setting for a delay time, wherein the delay time corresponds to a period of time between a time that the first sensor is powered on and enabled and a time that a representation of the first value is allowed to be stored in the first storage register. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The battery management system of claim 11, wherein the configurable setting for the delay time is configured by storing a value in a delay time register of the first storage register controller. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The battery management system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the frequency register, the duty cycle register, or the delay time register are configured to receive respective values from a configuration block within the first AFE circuit, wherein the host microcontroller is configured to update the values in the configuration block. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the value in the first storage register remains unchanged following transfer of the representation of the value in the first storage register to the host microcontroller. ### Claim 15 A method of operating a battery management system, the method comprising: at least one of powering on or enabling a first sensor coupled to an analog front end (AFE) circuit; receiving, from the first sensor, a first value corresponding to a first group of one or more cells in a battery system, wherein the first value is measured while the first sensor is powered on and enabled; storing, at the AFE circuit, a representation of the first value; at least one of powering off or disabling the first sensor; transferring, from the AFE circuit to a host microcontroller, a representation of the stored first value. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising controlling the first sensor using a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal generated within the AFE circuit, including at least one of enabling or powering on the first sensor while the PWM signal is in a first state, and at least one of disabling or powering off the first sensor while the PWM signal is in a second state. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising configuring at least one of a frequency or a duty cycle of the PWM signal by sending a first configuration value set from the host microcontroller and storing the first configuration value set in the AFE circuit. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the receiving the first value from the first sensor includes receiving the first value wherein the first value is measured following a delay time after the first sensor is powered on and enabled. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the transferring a representation of the stored first value occurs over a DC-isolated bus. ### Claim 20 An interface circuit for use in a battery management system, the interface circuit comprising: a first sensor, configured to measure a first value of a first group of one or more cells in a battery system; and a first analog front end (AFE) circuit comprising: a first pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller, configured to at least one of enable or power on the first sensor while a first PWM signal from the first PWM controller is in a first state, and configured to at least one of disable or power off the first sensor while the first PWM signal is in a second state; a first storage register, configured to receive a representation of the first value measured while the first sensor is on and enabled, and configured to store the received first value until another representation of the first value is received; and wherein the first AFE circuit transfers a representation of a value in the first storage register to a host microcontroller, wherein the transfer occurs over a DC-isolated bus.