Multi-axial integral geogrid and methods of making and using same

A multi-axial integral geogrid comprising:

• a plurality of interconnecting oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of a selected outer geometric shape having an array of openings therein;
• said outer geometric shape supporting and surrounding a smaller inner geometric shape having a center open in an entirety, and oriented strands, which inner geometric shape is the same as or different from the outer geometric shape;
• and
• said oriented strands and said partially oriented junctions of said outer geometric shape defining at least two sets of substantially parallel linear strands that extend continuously throughout an entirety of the multi-axial geogrid.

A reinforced and stabilized composite soil structure comprising:

• a mass of particulate material;
• and
• a multi-axial integral geogrid embedded in and engaging with said particulate material and having a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein,
• supporting ribs extending inwardly from each of said outer hexagons to support inside each of said outer hexagons a smaller inner hexagon having an open center and oriented strands and tri-nodes, each of said tri-nodes interconnecting only one of said supporting ribs and two of said oriented strands of the inner hexagon,
• said outer hexagons, said supporting ribs, and said inner hexagons defining three different geometric configurations which are repeating throughout an entirety of the geogrid, and
• said oriented strands and said partially oriented junctions of said outer hexagons defining a plurality of linear strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid.

A multi-axial integral geogrid comprising:

• a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein,
• each of said outer hexagons supporting, by oriented ribs, a smaller oriented inner geometric configuration having a center open in an entirety,
• said oriented strands, said partially oriented junctions, said oriented ribs and said smaller oriented inner geometric configurations forming at least three different geometric configurations which are repeating throughout an entirety of the multi-axial geogrid, and
• said oriented strands and said partially oriented junctions of said outer hexagons defining a plurality of linear strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the multi-axial integral geogrid.