Hole-transporting self-organized monolayer for perovskite solar cells

A compound made up of at least one kind of molecule according to formula (I) optionally mixed up with a filler molecule FM given by

• where L is a linking fragment, A is an anchor group, n is 1 or 2, and HTF is a hole transporting fragment being selected from any of the following formula II or III,
• a polycycle Z-D-Z (II),
• wherein
• a. both groups Z, and D are homocyclic;
• b. Z is a C5 or C6 substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, and D is N;
• c. Z is a C5 or C6 substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, and include a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, S, O and Si, and D is N;
• d. Z is a C5 or C6 substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group and D is a C5 or C6 cyclic group;
• and each of the groups Z and D includes a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, S, O, Si;
• e. Z is C5 or C6 substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group and D is C5 or C6 cyclic group;
• and D includes a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, S, O, Si;
• or
• f. Z is a C5 or C6 substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups and include a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, S, O, Si, and D is a C5 or C6 cyclic group;
• wherein, when D is a C5 or C6 cyclic group, two neighbored carbon atoms of cyclic group D are each bonded to one of the two aromatic groups Z, and two neighbored carbon atoms of cyclic group D are each bonded to the remaining aromatic group Z to form a tricycloundecane, a tricyclotridecane or a tricyclotetradecane derivative;
• or
• with R is a substituent
• and the optional FM is at least one kind of molecule consisting of an anchoring group, an alkyl chain of N carbon atoms, with N is in the range of 1 to 18, and a functional group of at least one of the group methyl, halogen, amino, ammonium and sulfuric functional group and where x is in the range of 0.02 to 1 and y equals (1−x).