Infrared heating and heat transfer and radiation element including nanocomposite

A heat transfer and heating element, comprising:

• a nanocomposite in a liquid;
• an enclosure such as a pipe to enable transfer of heat via a transfer of the liquid, the nanocomposite configured to absorb and release thermal radiation in addition to the absorption by the surrounding liquid.

A method, in which:

• a heating element comprises an object or panel with the nanocomposite receiving power from a power source and covering at least a part of a surface of the object or panel, with or without a covering insulating or protective layer extending over the nanocomposite such that the nanocomposite is positioned between the object or panel and the covering insulating or protective layer, wherein the surface has a temperature of less than about 65° C.

A method, comprising:

• absorbing, in a nanocomposite within a liquid in an enclosure, thermal radiation, and transferring and releasing such thermal heat by moving the liquid within the enclosure.

A method, in which:

• a nanocomposite including carbon nanotubes and polysaccharide and their binding emit infrared radiation.