# US 12,193,333 B2 · Solid state tunable ionic oscillator dielectric materials and resonant devices

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 12,193,333 B2
- Document ID: US12193333B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/264,726
- Filed: 2019-08-01
- Published: 2021-09-30
- Granted: 2025-01-07
- Earliest claimed: 2019-08-01
- Assignees: Drexel University; Bar-Ilan University; The Regents of the University of California
- Applicants: Drexel University; Bar-Ilan University; The Regents of the University of California
- Inventors: Jonathan E. Spanier; Zongquan Gu; Ilya Grinberg; Atanu Samanta; Haim Barak; Cedric J. G. Meyers; Robert A. York
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12193333B2

## CPC

- H10N 30/8554: {Lead-zirconium titanate [PZT] based}
- H01P 7/10: Dielectric resonators
- H10N 30/8536: {Alkaline earth metal based oxides, e.g. barium titanates}
- H10N 30/8548: {Lead-based oxides}
- H10N 30/8561: {Bismuth-based oxides}
- H10N: ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H01P: WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE (operating at optical frequencies G02B)

## Abstract

An article comprising a ferroelectric material in its ferroelectric phase, wherein the article is configured to enable low-loss propagation of signals with ultra-low dielectric loss at one or more select frequencies.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An article comprising a ferroelectric material including a high density of one or more fluctuating ferroelectric domain walls, wherein the article contains one or more fluctuating ferroelectric domain walls that enable efficient propagation of signals with ultra-low dielectric loss, the ultra-low dielectric loss comprising a range of 103<Q<107, or 10−3>tanδ>10−7, wherein Q refers to a quality factor, at one or more select frequencies, wherein the density of domain walls ranges from 1-100 per 50,000 nm2.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The article of claim 1, wherein the article is configured to enable low-loss propagation of signals with ultra-low dielectric loss, the ultra-low dielectric loss comprising a range of 103<Q<107, or 10−3>tanδ>10−7, at or within 20% of the ferroelectric phase transition temperature TC of the ferroelectric material.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The article of claim 1, wherein the one or more select frequencies are between 0.01 GHz and 300 GHz.

### Claim 4

An article comprising a ferroelectric material in thin film form in its ferroelectric phase, wherein the composition and strain of the material are selected to stabilize the material, for a given temperature, in or about two or more energetically equivalent thermodynamically predicted domain wall variant types as specified by a domain wall variant boundary or vertex of intersecting boundaries, thereby enabling efficient propagation of signals with ultra-low dielectric loss, the ultra-low dielectric loss comprising a range of 103<Q<107, or 10−3>tanδ>10−7, wherein Q refers to a quality factor, at select frequencies.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein at least one of a range and values of at least one of fluctuation frequency and frequencies are controlled based on changes in fluctuating ferroelectric domain wall oscillation frequency in response to electric field applied to the ferroelectric material.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein the one or more select frequencies are between 0.01 GHz and 300 GHz.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein at least one of a range and values of at least one of fluctuation frequency and frequencies of the article are controlled based on the density of fluctuating ferroelectric domain walls.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein the magnitude of the quality factor Q is controlled by the density of fluctuating ferroelectric domain walls and increases with domain wall density.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein the at least one of a range and values of at least one of fluctuation frequency and frequencies are controlled based on at least one of the type and types of fluctuating ferroelectric domain wall variants.

### Claim 10 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein the at least one of a range and values of at least one of fluctuation frequency and frequencies are controlled based on the degree of strain.

### Claim 11 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein ferroelectric material is in a phase comprising one of: normal ferroelectric, improper ferroelectric, hybrid improper ferroelectric, or multi-ferroic ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic ferroelectric.

### Claim 12 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein the at least one of a range and values of at least one of fluctuation frequency and frequencies are controlled based on changes in fluctuating ferroelectric domain wall oscillation in response to magnetic field applied across the multiferroic ferromagnetic, or antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric material due to multiferroic coupling of magnetic field to ferroelectric polarization.

### Claim 13 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein the ferroelectric material has 1-100 per 40,000 nm2 of engineered planar two-dimensional topological defects that, under selected electric DC bias or zero electric DC bias, oscillate at the one or more select frequencies and within 100 degrees C. of the TC of the ferroelectric material.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The article of claim 13, wherein the select frequencies are between 0.1 GHz and 300 GHz.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The article of claim 13, wherein the planar two-dimensional topological defects comprise fluctuating ferroelectric domain walls, and wherein the fluctuating ferroelectric domain walls, under the application of a DC or AC electric field or under zero DC or AC electric field, oscillate or fluctuate in their position with respect to time.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The article of claim 15, wherein the timescale or rate of the fluctuations vary depending upon the electrostatic potential landscape and domain width or at least one of fluctuating ferroelectric domain wall density, applied field, temperature, coherent strain, relaxed strain, and stress.

### Claim 17 (depends on 4)

The article of claim 4, wherein ferroelectric material comprises perovskites, BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BSTx), PbTiO3, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, (Pb,Sr)TiO3, BiFeO3, Bi(Fe,Mn)O3, or Ruddelson-Popper phases An+1BnX3n+1, or Ruddelson-Popper phases An+1A′2BnX3n+1 where A and A′ represent alkali and/or alkaline earth metals, and B denotes a rare earth metal, and X=O or other ferroelectrics, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 18 (depends on 4)

A method of making the article of claim 4.

### Claim 19 (depends on 4)

A resonator comprising the article of claim 4.