# US 12,192,505 B2 · Use of transformed coefficients to provide embedded signalling for watermarking > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,192,505 B2 - Document ID: US12192505B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/766,114 - Filed: 2020-10-02 - Published: 2022-11-10 - Granted: 2025-01-07 - Earliest claimed: 2019-10-02 - Assignees: V-Nova International Limited - Applicants: V-Nova International Limited - Inventors: Simone Ferrara; Guido Meardi - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12192505B2 ## CPC - H04N 19/86: involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness - H04N 19/117: Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing (sub-band filter banks H04N19/635) - H04N 19/12: Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264 - H04N 19/124: Quantisation - H04N 19/132: Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking - H04N 19/136: Incoming video signal characteristics or properties - H04N 19/146: Data rate or code amount at the encoder output - H04N 19/154: Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion (use of rate-distortion criteria H04N19/147) - H04N 19/156: Availability of hardware or computational resources, e.g. encoding based on power-saving criteria - H04N 19/159: Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction - H04N 19/176: the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock - H04N 19/18: the unit being a set of transform coefficients - H04N 19/182: the unit being a pixel - H04N 19/184: the unit being bits, e.g. of the compressed video stream - H04N 19/30: using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability (H04N19/63 takes precedence) - H04N 19/33: in the spatial domain - H04N 19/34: Scalability techniques involving progressive bit-plane based encoding of the enhancement layer, e.g. fine granular scalability [FGS] - H04N 19/46: Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process (H04N19/517, H04N19/68, H04N19/70 take precedence) - H04N 19/467: characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking - H04N 19/59: involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution - H04N 19/61: in combination with predictive coding - H04N 19/70: characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION ## Abstract Examples described herein relate to decoding and encoding signals. A method of performing signal decoding operations on one or more portions of a signal is presented. The performing is based at least in part on information embedded in one or more values received in one or more encoded data layers transmitted within a stream of encoded data, wherein said values are associated with transformed coefficients intended to be processed by a decoder for deriving elements of the signal, and wherein said information comprises an indication of watermarking information associated with the signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of performing signal decoding operations on one or more portions of a signal, wherein the performing is based at least in part on information embedded in one or more values received in one or more encoded data layers transmitted within a stream of encoded data, wherein said values are associated with transformed coefficients intended to be processed by a decoder for deriving elements of the signal, wherein said information comprises an indication of watermarking information associated with the signal, wherein the stream of encoded data is comprised within an encoded bitstream, and wherein at least one bit in the encoded bitstream is used to signal to the decoder that one or more values should be interpreted as said information rather than actual quantized values of transformed coefficients. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more values are interpreted by the decoder to derive said information rather than to derive values of transformed coefficients. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the signal is encoded by means of a tier-based hierarchical format. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein the embedded signaling is included in a residual layer at a resolution lower than the full resolution of the signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the signal decoding operations performed based on the embedded signaling is performed in-loop on an intermediate rendition of the signal at a resolution lower than full resolution. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the decoder selectively implements signal decoding operations based on a target level of processing power or battery power consumption to be used by the decoder device. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the watermarking information indicates that the decoder should initiate application of a watermarking operation to the decoded signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the watermarking information comprises compliance information associated with the signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, wherein the compliance information comprises any of the following information: the way the signal has been generated, the specific encoder version with which the signal has been generated, the licensing information associated with the signal and/or the encoder version which has generated the signal. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, comprising, upon decoding said watermarking information, prompting the decoder to initiate a compliance process on the signal, wherein the compliance process comprises initiating interruption of a display of the signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the watermarking information comprises a tag associated with one or more elements of the signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method according to claim 11, wherein the tag comprises identification of whether an element of the signal can be selected by an end user of the signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method according to claim 11, wherein the tag identifies: whether an element of the signal is linked to an action to be taken by the end user of the signal, wherein said action comprises clicking on said element; or an element of the signal as belonging to a class of objects. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the format in which at least a portion of the signal and the watermarking information are encoded is MPEG-5 Part 2 LCEVC (“Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding”) or SMPTE VC-6 ST-2117. ### Claim 15 A method of encoding a signal comprising: encoding transformed coefficients for signal reconstruction by reserving one or more quantized symbols of a given coefficient group to provide embedded signaling information for signal decoding operations to be performed on one or more portions of the signal, wherein said information comprises an indication of watermarking information associated with the signal; and toggling at least one bit in an encoded bitstream for the signal to indicate to the decoder whether a given set of symbols in a given set of residual data is to be interpreted as residual data or as additional embedded signaling information carrying watermarking information. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method according to claim 15, wherein said encoding uses a tier-based hierarchical coding method. ### Claim 17 A decoder configured to: perform signal decoding operations on one or more portions of a signal, wherein the performing is based at least in part on information embedded in one or more values received in one or more encoded data layers transmitted within a stream of encoded data, wherein said values are associated with transformed coefficients intended to be processed by a decoder for deriving elements of the signal, wherein said information comprises an indication of watermarking information associated with the signal, wherein the stream of encoded data is comprised within an encoded bitstream, and wherein at least one bit in the encoded bitstream is used to signal to the decoder that one or more values should be interpreted as said information rather than actual quantized values of transformed coefficients. ### Claim 18 An encoder configured to: encode transformed coefficients for signal reconstruction by reserving one or more quantized symbols of a given coefficient group to provide embedded signaling information for signal decoding operations to be performed on one or more portions of the signal, wherein said information comprises an indication of watermarking information associated with the signal; and toggling at least one bit in an encoded bitstream for the signal to indicate to the decoder whether a given set of symbols in a given set of residual data is to be interpreted as residual data or as additional embedded signaling information carrying watermarking information.