# US 12,191,917 B2 · Method for measuring physiological data with a body area network

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- Number: US 12,191,917 B2
- Document ID: US12191917B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/802,131
- Filed: 2024-08-13
- Published: 2024-12-05
- Granted: 2025-01-07
- Earliest claimed: 2022-08-11
- Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Applicants: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Inventors: Khurram Karim Qureshi; Jawad Ahmad; Salman Ghafoor
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12191917B2

## CPC

- H04B 13/005: {Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body}
- H04B 10/112: Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
- H04B 1/7163: using impulse radio
- H04B 10/11: Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

A body area network (BAN) architecture including a plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) BAN node devices, a control node device, and a remote node device is described. The plurality of UWB BAN node devices measures real-time physiological data of a patient and transmits the physiological data to the control node device using UWB signals. The control node device encodes the UWB signals using an spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) encoder, modulates the encoded UWB signals using an on-off keying (OOK) scheme, combines the modulated UWB signals into an optical signal using an optical coupler, and transmits the combined optical signal through a free space optical (FSO) link to the remote node device. The remote node device decodes the combined optical signal using an SAC-OCDMA decoder, converts the decoded optical signal into an electrical signal, and analyzes the physiological data based on the electrical signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for measuring physiological data with a body area network (BAN) architecture including a plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) BAN node devices, a control node device, and a remote node device, the method comprising:
mounting the plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) BAN node devices on a human body,
measuring, by the plurality of UWB BAN node devices, real-time physiological data of a patient, wherein the real-time physiological data include a pulse rate, a body temperature, an electrocardiogram (ECG) activity, and an electroencephalogram (EEG) activity;
transmitting, from the plurality of UWB BAN node devices to the control node device, the physiological data using UWB signals;
encoding, by the control node device, the UWB signals using a spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) encoder;
modulating, by the control node device, the encoded UWB signals using an on-off keying (OOK) scheme;
combining, by the control node device, the modulated UWB signals into an optical signal using an optical coupler;
transmitting, from the control node device to the remote node device, the combined optical signal through a free space optics (FSO) link;
decoding, by the remote node device, the combined optical signal using an SAC-OCDMA decoder;
converting, by the remote node device, the decoded optical signal into an electrical signal; and
analyzing, by the remote node device, the physiological data of the patient based on the electrical signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein each of the UWB signals operates at a different carrier frequency.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the SAC-OCDMA encoder includes a continuous wave (CW) laser array that generates two wavelengths for each of the UWB signals.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the modulated UWB signals are combined into the optical signal based on a double weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC) code scheme.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the encoded UWB signals are modulated using a plurality of Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs).

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the combined optical signal is transmitted by a transmitter telescope and is received by a receiver telescope, the transmitter and receiver telescopes being connected to the control node and remote node devices through respective single-mode fibers, respectively.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the SAC-OCDMA decoder includes a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) de-multiplexer that de-multiplexes the combined optical signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the remote node device includes a plurality of optical coupler, each optical coupler being associated with a respective one of the UWB signals and being configured to combine wavelengths of the de-multiplexed optical signal corresponding to the respective one of the UWB signals.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the decoded optical signal is converted into the electrical signal through a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) photo-detector, a direct current (DC) block circuit, an electrical amplifier, an electrical splitter, and an electrical low pass filter.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the physiological data of the patient is analyzed based on the electrical signal being input to a bit rate error (BER) estimator.