# US 12,191,815 B2 · Sub-micron CMOS high-power cascode RF power amplifier

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- Number: US 12,191,815 B2
- Document ID: US12191815B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/406,388
- Filed: 2021-08-19
- Published: 2022-03-17
- Granted: 2025-01-07
- Earliest claimed: 2020-09-11
- Assignees: Renesas Electronics America Inc.
- Applicants: Renesas Electronics America Inc.
- Inventors: Morteza Abbasi; Tumay Kanar; Naveen Krishna Yanduru
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12191815B2

## CPC

- H03F 1/223: {with MOSFET's}
- H01Q 3/36: with variable phase-shifters
- H03F 1/0211: {with control of the supply voltage or current}
- H03F 3/195: in integrated circuits
- H03F 3/245: {with semiconductor devices only}
- H03F 3/45179: {using MOSFET transistors as the active amplifying circuit (H03F3/45278 takes precedence)}
- H03F 3/45475: {using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit}
- H03F 3/68: Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics {(power amplifiers using a combination of several semiconductor amplifiers H03F3/211; combinations of amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/602)}
- H03F 2200/451: the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
- H03F: AMPLIFIERS
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)

## Abstract

An apparatus includes an amplifier circuit including a first transistor and a second transistor. The first transistor may include a gate having a gate oxide with a first thickness and a first gate length. The second transistor may include a gate having a gate oxide with a second thickness and a second gate length. The first transistor and the second transistor may be connected in a cascode configuration and the second thickness and the second gate length are greater than the first thickness and the first gate length, respectively.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
a first transistor comprising a gate having a gate oxide with a first thickness and a first gate length, the first transistor being configured as a common source amplifier stage;
a second transistor comprising a gate having a gate oxide with a second thickness and a second gate length, the second transistor being configured as a common gate amplifier stage;
a metal strip disposed on top of a gate of the first transistor; and
a set of vias placed on the metal strip to tap the gate of the first transistor,
wherein:
the set of vias are placed at points along the metal strip and outside of active regions of the first transistor;
the first transistor and the second transistor are connected in a cascode configuration;
the second thickness is greater than the first thickness; and
the second gate length is greater than the first gate length.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gate of the first transistor is composed of polysilicon.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the metal strip is a first metal strip and the set of via is a first set of vias, and second transistor comprises:
a second metal strip disposed on top of a gate of the second transistor; and
a second set of via placed on the second metal strip to tap the gate of the second transistor, the second set of via being placed at points along the second metal strip and outside of active regions of the second transistor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an effective gate width of the first transistor exceeds a maximum unit gate width defined for the first transistor.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the metal strip is composed of copper.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are part of a power amplifier.

### Claim 7

An apparatus comprising:
a first bias circuit configured to output a first bias voltage;
a second bias circuit configured to output a second bias voltage;
a first amplifier circuit and a second amplifier circuit, each one of the first and second amplifier circuits comprises:
a first transistor comprising a gate having a gate oxide with a first thickness and a first gate length, the first transistor being configured as a common source amplifier stage; and
a second transistor comprising a gate having a gate oxide with a second thickness and a second gate length the second transistor being configured as a common gate amplifier stage;
a metal strip disposed on top of a gate of the first transistor; and
a set of vias placed on the metal strip to tap the gate of the first transistor, wherein:
the set of vias are placed at points along the metal strip and outside of active regions of the first transistor;
the first transistor and the second transistor are connected in a cascode configuration;
the second thickness is greater than the first thickness;
the second gate length is greater than the first gate length; and
each one of the first amplifier circuit and the second amplifier circuit is configured to:
receive an input signal biased by the first bias voltage;
receive the second bias voltage to drive a gate of the second transistor; and
output an output signal that is an amplified version of the input signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the gate of the first transistor is composed of polysilicon.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the metal strip is a first metal strip and the set of via is a first set of via, and second transistor comprises:
a second metal strip disposed on top of a gate of the second transistor; and
a second set of via placed on the second metal strip to tap the gate of the second transistor, the second set of via being placed at points along the second metal strip and outside of active regions of the second transistor.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein an effective gate width of the first transistor exceeds a maximum unit gate width defined for the first transistor.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the metal strip is composed of copper.

### Claim 12 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the input signal is a differential input signal, the output signal is a differential output signal, the input signal received by the first amplifier circuit is a first component of the differential input signal, and the input signal received by the second amplifier circuit is a second component of the differential input signal.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each one of the first amplifier circuit and the second amplifier circuit comprises a balun configured to convert the first component and the second component of the differential output signal into a single-ended output signal.

### Claim 14

An apparatus comprising:
a phased antenna array;
a communication circuit connected to the phased antenna array, wherein a power amplifier stage of the communication circuit comprises:
a first bias circuit configured to output a first bias voltage;
a second bias circuit configured to output a second bias voltage;
a first amplifier circuit and a second amplifier circuit, each one of the first and second amplifier circuits comprises:
a first transistor comprising a gate having a gate oxide with a first thickness and a first gate length, the first transistor being configured as a common source amplifier stage;
a second transistor comprising a gate having a gate oxide with a second thickness and a second gate length the second transistor being configured as a common gate amplifier stage;
a metal strip disposed on top of a gate of the first transistor; and
a set of vias placed on the metal strip to tap the gate of the first transistor, wherein:
the set of vias are placed at points along the metal strip and outside of active regions of the first transistor;
the first transistor and the second transistor are connected in a cascode configuration,
the second thickness is greater than the first thickness;
the second gate length is greater than the first gate length:
each one of the first amplifier circuit and the second amplifier circuit is configured to:
receive an input signal biased by the first bias voltage;
receive the second bias voltage to drive a gate of the second transistor; and
output an output signal to the phased antenna array, wherein the output signal is an amplified version of the input signal.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the gate of the first transistor is composed of polysilicon.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the metal strip is a first metal strip and the set of via is a first set of via, and second transistor comprises:
a second metal strip disposed on top of a gate of the second transistor; and
a second set of via placed on the second metal strip to tap the gate of the second transistor, the second set of via being placed at points along the second metal strip and outside of active regions of the second transistor.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein an effective gate width of the first transistor exceeds a maximum unit gate width defined for the first transistor.