# US 12,191,766 B2 · Hybrid power converter

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- Number: US 12,191,766 B2
- Document ID: US12191766B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/505,849
- Filed: 2023-11-09
- Published: 2024-03-07
- Granted: 2025-01-07
- Earliest claimed: 2022-01-24
- Assignees: Cirrus Logic, Inc.
- Applicants: Cirrus Logic International Semiconductor Ltd.
- Inventors: Changjong Lim
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12191766B2

## CPC

- H02M 3/07: using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode {, e.g. charge pumps}
- H02M 3/1582: {Buck-boost converters (H02M3/1584 takes precedence)}
- H02M 1/0095: {Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck}
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)

## Abstract

A power converter for converting an input voltage at an input of the power converter into an output voltage at an output of the power converter may include a switching node, a power inductor coupled between the switching node and the output, a flying capacitor having a first flying capacitor terminal and a second flying capacitor terminal, a pump capacitor having a first pump capacitor terminal and a second pump capacitor terminal, the second pump capacitor terminal coupled to ground, a first switch coupled between the input and the first flying capacitor terminal, a second switch coupled between the first flying capacitor terminal and the switching node, a third switch coupled between the second flying capacitor terminal and the switching node, a fourth switch coupled between the second flying capacitor terminal and a ground voltage, a fifth switch coupled between the second flying capacitor terminal and the first pump capacitor terminal, and a sixth switch coupled between the output and the first pump capacitor terminal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A power converter for converting an input voltage at an input of the power converter into an output voltage at an output of the power converter, the power converter comprising:
a switching node;
a power inductor coupled between the switching node and the output;
a flying capacitor having a first flying capacitor terminal and a second flying capacitor terminal;
a pump capacitor having a first pump capacitor terminal and a second pump capacitor terminal, the second pump capacitor terminal coupled to ground such that the second pump capacitor terminal maintains its voltage approximately equal to a ground voltage of the ground;
a first switch coupled between the input and the first flying capacitor terminal;
a second switch coupled between the first flying capacitor terminal and the switching node;
a third switch coupled between the second flying capacitor terminal and the switching node;
a fourth switch coupled between the second flying capacitor terminal and the ground such that a terminal of the fourth switch maintains its voltage approximately equal to the ground voltage;
a fifth switch coupled between the second flying capacitor terminal and first pump capacitor terminal; and
a sixth switch coupled between the output and the first pump capacitor terminal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a bypass mode wherein:
the first switch and the second switch are activated;
the fifth switch and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2:1 switched capacitor mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are activated and the second switch and the fourth switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the second switch, the fourth switch, and the sixth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2-level buck mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated, the fifth switch and the sixth switch are deactivated, and at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated, the fifth switch and the sixth switch are deactivated, and at least one of the first switch and the second switch are deactivated.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 3-level buck mode having four sequential phases comprising:
for duty cycles less than 0.5:
a first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
a third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
a fourth phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
for duty cycles greater than 0.5:
the first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
the second phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
the third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
the fourth phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a seventh switch coupled between the first flying capacitor terminal and the first pump capacitor terminal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The power converter of claim 6, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a bypass mode wherein:
the first switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are activated;
the second switch and the fifth switch are deactivated; and
at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The power converter of claim 6, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2:1 switched capacitor mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are activated and the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the fourth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The power converter of claim 6, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2-level buck mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated, and at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated, and at least one of the first switch and the second switch are deactivated.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The power converter of claim 6, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 3-level buck mode having four sequential phases comprising:
for duty cycles less than 0.5:
a first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
a fourth phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
for duty cycles greater than 0.5:
the first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the second phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
the fourth phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated.

### Claim 11 (depends on 6)

The power converter of claim 6, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a flying capacitor balancing forward 3-level buck mode having four sequential phases comprising:
for duty cycles less than 0.5:
a first phase in which the first switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a third phase in which the second switch, the fourth switch, and the seventh switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
a fourth phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
for duty cycles greater than 0.5:
the first phase in which the first switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the second phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the third phase in which the second switch, the fourth switch, and the seventh switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
the fourth phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated.

### Claim 12

An integrated circuit for use in a power converter for converting an input voltage at an input of the integrated circuit into an output voltage at an output of the power converter, the integrated circuit comprising:
a switching node;
a first switch coupled between the input and a first node configured to couple to a first flying capacitor terminal of a flying capacitor;
a second switch coupled between the first node and the switching node;
a third switch coupled between the switching node and a second node configured to couple to a second flying capacitor terminal of the flying capacitor;
a fourth switch coupled between the second node and a third node at a ground voltage;
a fifth switch coupled between the second node and a fourth node configured to couple to a first pump capacitor terminal of a pump capacitor coupled to a ground voltage at a second pump capacitor terminal, such that the second pump capacitor terminal maintains its voltage approximately equal to a ground voltage of the ground; and
a sixth switch coupled between the output and the fourth node.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The integrated circuit of claim 12, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a bypass mode wherein:
the first switch and the second switch are activated;
the fifth switch and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The integrated circuit of claim 12, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2:1 switched capacitor mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are activated and the second switch and the fourth switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the second switch, the fourth switch, and the sixth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The integrated circuit of claim 12, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2-level buck mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated, the fifth switch and the sixth switch are deactivated, and at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated, the fifth switch and the sixth switch are deactivated, and at least one of the first switch and the second switch are deactivated.

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

The integrated circuit of claim 12, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 3-level buck mode having four sequential phases comprising:
for duty cycles less than 0.5:
a first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
a third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
a fourth phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
for duty cycles greater than 0.5:
the first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
the second phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated;
the third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
the fourth phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

The integrated circuit of claim 12, further comprising a seventh switch coupled between the first node and the fourth node.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The integrated circuit of claim 17, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a bypass mode wherein:
the first switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are activated;
the second switch and the fifth switch are deactivated; and
at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The integrated circuit of claim 17, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2:1 switched capacitor mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are activated and the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the fourth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are deactivated.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The integrated circuit of claim 17, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 2-level buck mode having two sequential phases comprising:
a first phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated, and at least one of the third switch and the fourth switch are deactivated; and
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated, and at least one of the first switch and the second switch are deactivated.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

The integrated circuit of claim 17, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a forward 3-level buck mode having four sequential phases comprising:
for duty cycles less than 0.5:
a first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
a fourth phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
for duty cycles greater than 0.5:
the first phase in which the first switch and the third switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the second phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the third phase in which the second switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
the fourth phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated.

### Claim 22 (depends on 17)

The integrated circuit of claim 17, further comprising a control circuit configured to operate the power converter in a flying capacitor balancing forward 3-level buck mode having four sequential phases comprising:
for duty cycles less than 0.5:
a first phase in which the first switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a second phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
a third phase in which the second switch, the fourth switch, and the seventh switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
a fourth phase in which the third switch and the fourth switch are activated and the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated; and
for duty cycles greater than 0.5:
the first phase in which the first switch, the third switch, and the fifth switch are activated and the second switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the second phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated;
the third phase in which the second switch, the fourth switch, and the seventh switch are activated and the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch, and the sixth switch are deactivated; and
the fourth phase in which the first switch and the second switch are activated and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, and the seventh switch are deactivated.