# US 12,191,452 B2 · Scalable 3D lithium metal anode

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- Number: US 12,191,452 B2
- Document ID: US12191452B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/033,186
- Filed: 2020-09-25
- Published: 2021-03-25
- Granted: 2025-01-07
- Earliest claimed: 2019-09-25
- Assignees: The Regents of the University of California
- Applicants: The Regents of the University of California
- Inventors: Ping Liu; Haodong Liu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12191452B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes
- H01M 4/0404: {by coating on electrode collectors}
- H01M 4/0409: {by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating}
- H01M 4/0445: {Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling}
- H01M 4/0471: {involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis}
- H01M 4/134: Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
- H01M 4/1395: of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
- H01M 4/382: {Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence)}
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- H01M 4/5825: {Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines}
- H01M 4/62: Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M 4/623: {fluorinated polymers}
- H01M 4/625: {Carbon or graphite}
- H01M 4/663: {containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres}
- H01M 4/667: {in the form of layers, e.g. coatings}
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 10/0567: characterised by the additives
- H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents
- H01M 10/058: Construction or manufacture
- H01M 4/661: {Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings (H01M4/669 take precedence)}
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes}
- H01M 2300/0034: Fluorinated solvents
- H01M 2300/0037: Mixture of solvents
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A rechargeable battery device, specifically a scalable 3D lithium metal anode, and a method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. The scalable 3D electrode can serve as a lithium (Li) metal host that enables stable lithium metal cycling. Furthermore, the electrode can be fabricated by coating a slurry of well mixed LiNO3, carbon black, and PVDF on a Cu foil. For example, a 3D electrode can include a binder and a plurality of additives, wherein the plurality of additives comprise at least one conductive additive and at least one solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation additive. The conductive additive can include electronic conductors, where the conductors are selected from a group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), graphite, and graphene. The SEI formation additives are selected from a group consisting of LiNO3, RbNO3, KNO3, CsNO3, LiFSI, LiAsF6, LiF, Li2O, Li2CO3, Li3PO4, SiO2, and Li3N.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrode comprising:
solid LiNO3 dispersed within a liquid carbonate electrolyte, wherein the solid LiNO3 is undissolved in the liquid carbonate electrolyte.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electrode of claim 1, wherein the liquid carbonate electrolyte comprises vinylene carbonate (VC).

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The electrode of claim 1, wherein the electrode further comprises LiNO3 dissolved within the liquid carbonate electrolyte until saturation.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The electrode of claim 1, further comprising a binder selected from a group of compounds consisting of PVDF, PTFE, PVDF-HFP, CMC, and SBR.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electrode of claim 1, further comprising a conductive additive comprising an electronic conductor selected from a group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, vapor grown carbon fiber, graphite, and graphene.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The electrode of claim 1, further comprising a soluble salt selected from a group consisting of LiCIO4, LiCl, LiPF6, LIFSI, and LITFSI.

### Claim 7

An electrode comprising:
solid LiNO3 dispersed within liquid vinylene carbonate (VC), wherein the solid LiNO3 is undissolved in the liquid VC.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The electrode of claim 7, wherein the electrode further comprises LiNO3 dissolved within the liquid VC until saturation.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The electrode of claim 7, further comprising a binder selected from a group of compounds consisting of PVDF, PTFE, PVDF-HFP, CMC, and SBR.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The electrode of claim 7, further comprising a conductive additive comprising an electronic conductor selected from a group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, vapor grown carbon fiber, graphite, and graphene.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The electrode of claim 7, further comprising a soluble salt selected from a group consisting of LiCIO4, LiCl, LiPF6, LIFSI, and LITFSI.