# US 12,190,790 B2 · Displays with current-controlled pixel clusters > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,190,790 B2 - Document ID: US12190790B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/055,751 - Filed: 2022-11-15 - Published: 2023-05-18 - Granted: 2025-01-07 - Earliest claimed: 2021-07-29 - Assignees: X Display Company Technology Limited - Applicants: X Display Company Technology Limited - Inventors: Murat Ozbas; Matthew Alexander Meitl; Christopher Andrew Bower; Lee B. Baker; Robert R. Rotzoll; Mike C. Chiu; Ronald S. Cok - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12190790B2 ## CPC - G09G 3/32: semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] - G09G 3/3426: {the different display panel areas being distributed in two dimensions, e.g. matrix} - G09G 2300/06: Passive matrix structure, i.e. with direct application of both column and row voltages to the light emitting or modulating elements, other than LCD or OLED - G09G 2310/0267: Details of drivers for scan electrodes, other than drivers for liquid crystal, plasma or OLED displays - G09G 2310/0272: Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers communicating data to the pixels by means of a current - G09G 2310/0281: Arrangement of scan or data electrode driver circuits at the periphery of a panel not inherent to a split matrix structure - G09G 2320/0686: with two or more screen areas displaying information with different brightness or colours - G09G 2330/021: Power management, e.g. power saving - G09G: ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION (arrangements for transferring data between digital computers and displays G06F3/14; static indicating arrangements comprising an association of a number of separate sources or light control cells G09F9/00; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a number of light sources H01J, H01K, H10H, H05B33/12; scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission, details thereof H04N1/00) ## Abstract A current-selectable light-emitting-diode (LED) display includes pixels distributed in an array of rows and columns. The pixels are grouped in mutually exclusive clusters and cluster controllers are connected to each pixel in a cluster of pixels to control the pixels in the cluster to emit light. Each cluster controller comprises a selectable current source. Each of the selectable current sources can include cluster current sources that are responsive to a current-select signal to enable one or more of the cluster current sources. The pixels can include micro-LEDs and the cluster controller can be disposed between the micro-LEDs. The display can be disposed on a display substrate with signal wires. The signal wires can include separate wire segments that are electrically connected through regeneration circuits that regenerate the signals. The display can be an information display or a backlight. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A current-selectable light-emitting-diode (LED) display or backlight, comprising: pixels distributed in an array of rows and columns, wherein the pixels are grouped in mutually exclusive clusters and each cluster of the mutually exclusive clusters comprises a subset of the pixels disposed in a two-dimensional array; cluster controllers, wherein each of the cluster controllers (i) is connected to the subset of the pixels in a cluster of the mutually exclusive clusters to exclusively control the subset of the pixels in the cluster to emit light using matrix control, and (ii) comprises an independently selectable current source that is operable to commonly drive multiple pixels in the subset of the pixels in the cluster through a switch using temporal modulation with the selectable current source, wherein the selectable current source is selectable using an independent and separate current-select signal for each of the clusters and the switch is controllable using a timing signal different from the current-select signal; and a display controller, wherein the display controller is operable to analyze image data associated with each of the clusters to determine a maximum luminance of the pixels in the cluster and an appropriate current-select signal for the cluster, wherein the selectable current source comprises cluster current sources connected in parallel and any one or combination of the cluster current sources can be activated at a same time to provide a current that is a sum of current from all activated cluster current sources of the cluster current sources, wherein the current is controllable by the switch and wherein the clusters are operable such that the selectable current source of different ones of the clusters provide different currents. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein the selectable current sources comprise cluster current sources that are responsive to a current-select signal to enable one or more of the cluster current sources. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 2, wherein at least two of the cluster current sources comprise a transistor having a different size that provides a different amount of current to a transistor of another of the cluster current sources. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 2, wherein each of the cluster current sources provides a same amount of current. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 2, wherein the cluster current sources are responsive to the current-select signal such that only one cluster current source is enabled by the current-select signal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 2, wherein the cluster current sources are responsive to the current-select signal such that no cluster current source is enabled by the current-select signal. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 2, wherein the cluster current sources are responsive to the current-select signal such that two or more cluster current sources whose current outputs are electrically connected in common are enabled by the current-select signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein one or more of the cluster controllers are disposed between the pixels in the array. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein each of the pixels comprises a pixel substrate comprising a broken or separated pixel tether and each of the cluster controllers comprises a cluster-controller substrate comprising a broken or separated cluster-controller tether. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 9, comprising a display substrate and wherein the pixel substrate and the cluster-controller substrate are each disposed directly on the display substrate. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 9, wherein each of the clusters comprises a cluster substrate and the pixel substrates of the pixels and the cluster-controller substrate of the cluster controller in the cluster are disposed directly on the cluster substrate and the cluster substrate is disposed directly on the display substrate. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, comprising a display substrate and wherein, for each of the clusters: each of the pixels in the cluster comprises a pixel substrate comprising a broken or separated pixel tether; the cluster comprises a cluster substrate; the cluster controller is native to the cluster substrate; the pixel substrates of the pixels in the cluster are disposed directly on the cluster substrate; and the cluster substrate is disposed directly on the display substrate. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, comprising a display substrate and wherein each of the pixels comprises a pixel substrate disposed directly on the display substrate, the cluster controllers are native to the display substrate, and the pixel substrate comprises a broken or separated pixel tether. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein, for each of the clusters, each cluster controller in the cluster is operable to receive an image portion of the subset of the pixels in the cluster and a current-select signal corresponding to a luminance of the image portion, select a current of the selectable current source, and control the pixels in the cluster to emit light corresponding to the image portion. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein each of the pixels comprises LEDs and the cluster controller in each of the clusters is operable to provide passive-matrix control to the LEDs in the cluster. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein each of the pixels comprises one or more inorganic light-emitting diodes. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein the selectable current source drives all of the pixels in the cluster. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, comprising a selectable current source for each of the rows of pixels that drives the pixels in the row of pixels or, comprising a selectable current source for each of the columns of pixels that drives the pixels in the column of pixels. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 1, wherein each of the pixels comprises one or more light emitters and the selectable current source drives a light emitter in each of the multiple pixels. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The current-selectable LED display or backlight of claim 19, wherein the one or more light emitters is two or more light emitters that each emit a different color of light and the selectable current source drives a light emitter in each of the multiple pixels that emits a same color of light. ### Claim 21 A current-selectable light-emitting-diode (LED) display or backlight, comprising: pixels distributed in an array of rows and columns, wherein the pixels are grouped in mutually exclusive clusters; cluster controllers, each of the cluster controllers connected to each pixel in a cluster of the mutually exclusive clusters to control the pixels in the cluster to emit light, wherein each of the cluster controllers comprises an independently selectable current source that is operable to drive multiple pixels in the cluster through a switch using temporal modulation with the selectable current source, the selectable current source is selectable using an independent and separate current-select signal, and the switch is controlled using a timing signal different from the current-select signal; and a display controller, wherein the display controller is operable to analyze image data associated with each of the clusters to determine a maximum luminance of the pixels in the cluster and an appropriate current-select signal for the cluster, wherein the selectable current source comprises cluster current sources connected in parallel and any one or combination of the cluster current sources can be activated at a same time to provide a current that is a sum of current from all activated cluster current sources of the cluster current sources, wherein the current is controllable by the switch, and wherein the clusters are operable such that the selectable current source of different ones of the clusters provide different currents. ### Claim 22 A current-selectable LED display or backlight comprising: pixels distributed in an array of rows and columns, wherein the pixels are grouped in mutually exclusive clusters and each cluster of the mutually exclusive clusters comprises a subset of the pixels disposed in a two-dimensional array, cluster controllers, wherein each of the cluster controllers (i) is connected to the subset of the pixels in a cluster of the mutually exclusive clusters to exclusively control the subset of the pixels in the cluster to emit light using matrix control, and (ii) comprises an independently selectable current source that is operable to commonly drive multiple pixels in the subset of the pixels in the cluster through a switch using temporal modulation with the selectable current source, wherein the selectable current source is selectable using an independent and separate current-select signal for each of the clusters and the switch is controllable using a timing signal different from the current-select signal, wherein the selectable current source comprises cluster current sources connected in parallel and any one or combination of the cluster current sources can be activated at a same time to provide a current that is a sum of current from all activated cluster current sources of the cluster current sources, wherein the current is controllable by the switch and wherein the clusters are operable such that the selectable current source of different ones of the clusters provide different currents, and wherein each of the clusters comprises a circuit operable to analyze image data associated with the cluster to determine a maximum luminance of the pixels in the cluster and an appropriate current-select signal for the cluster. ### Claim 23 A current-selectable LED display or backlight comprising: pixels distributed in an array of rows and columns, wherein the pixels are grouped in mutually exclusive clusters and each cluster of the mutually exclusive clusters comprises a subset of the pixels disposed in a two-dimensional array, cluster controllers, wherein each of the cluster controllers (i) is connected to the subset of the pixels in a cluster of the mutually exclusive clusters to exclusively control the subset of the pixels in the cluster to emit light using matrix control, and (ii) comprises an independently selectable current source that is operable to commonly drive multiple pixels in the subset of the pixels in the cluster through a switch using temporal modulation with the selectable current source, wherein the selectable current source is selectable using an independent and separate current-select signal for each of the clusters and the switch is controllable using a timing signal different from the current-select signal, wherein the selectable current source comprises cluster current sources connected in parallel and any one or combination of the cluster current sources can be activated at a same time to provide a current that is a sum of current from all activated cluster current sources of the cluster current sources, wherein the current is controllable by the switch and wherein the clusters are operable such that the selectable current source of different ones of the clusters provide different currents, and wherein each of the clusters comprises a circuit operable to analyze image data associated with the cluster to determine a maximum luminance of the pixels in the cluster and an appropriate current-select signal for the cluster.