Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for measuring analytes

A composition comprising:

• boronic acid-based synthetic redox-active receptors that can electrochemically sense a target analyte in a sample solution, and
• a salt selected from the group consisting of:
• where:
• X− is an anion;
• R and R′ are independently —(CH2)p—R1;
• R1 is C1-C6 alkyl-B(OR2)(OR3), aryl-B(OR2)(OR3), heteroaryl-B(OR2)(OR3), or heterocyclyl-B(OR2)(OR3);
• R2 and R3 are independently H, C1-C6 alkyl or R2 and R3 can combine with the B atom to form a ring system;
• L and L′ are independently H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkoxy, aryloxy, —COOR4, NH2, —C(O)N(H)—(CH2)p—N(H)C(O)—R4, —C(O)NH(R4), or —N(H)C(O)R4,
• R4 is independently at each occurrence H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or cycloalkyl;
• n is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
• and
• p is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.