# US 12,184,584 B2 · Methods and systems for adapting cellular downlink channels operating in the presence of non-stationary interference > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,184,584 B2 - Document ID: US12184584B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/592,661 - Filed: 2022-02-04 - Published: 2023-08-10 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2022-02-04 - Assignees: Gogo Business Aviation LLC - Applicants: Gogo Business Aviation LLC - Inventors: Heinz A. Miranda - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184584B2 ## CPC - H04L 1/0026: {Transmission of channel quality indication} - H04L 5/0055: {Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK (for physical mapping arrangements in ARQ protocols H04L1/1861)} - H04B 1/713: using frequency hopping - H04L 1/0035: {evaluation of received explicit signalling} - H04L 5/0057: {Physical resource allocation for CQI} - H04W 48/12: using downlink control channel - H04W 72/543: based on requested quality, e.g. QoS - H04L 1/0003: {by switching between different modulation schemes} - H04L 1/203: {Details of error rate determination, e.g. BER, FER or WER} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Example methods and systems for adapting fourth generation (4G) and/or fifth generation (5G) cellular downlink channels in the presence of non-stationary interference are disclosed. An example method, implemented by one or more processors of a cellular base station, includes: receiving, from a user equipment (UE) radio, channel state information (CSI) for a cellular downlink channel between the cellular base station and the UE; determining a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) offset based upon the CSI, and a target block error rate (BLER); determining a variance of the SINR offset that represents one or more characteristics of the non-stationary interference; and determining the target BLER based upon the variance of the SINR offset such that the cellular downlink channel adapts to the presence of the non-stationary interference. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method, implemented by one or more processors of a cellular base station, the method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE) radio, channel state information (CSI) for a cellular downlink channel between the cellular base station and the UE; determining a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) offset for the cellular downlink channel based upon (i) the CSI and (ii) a target block error rate (BLER); detecting a variance of the SINR offset for the cellular downlink channel that represents a presence of non-stationary interference, wherein the non-stationary interference is caused by one or more bursty, frequency-hopping transmissions from a plurality of devices operating within a vicinity of the UE and the one or more bursty, frequency-hopping transmissions occur in a frequency band used for the cellular downlink channel; and modifying the target BLER based upon the variance of the SINR offset for the cellular downlink channel such that the cellular downlink channel adapts to the presence of the non-stationary interference. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the target BLER comprises comparing the variance of the SINR offset to one or more thresholds. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the target BLER comprises selecting from two or more pre-determined target BLER values using a state machine having two or more states corresponding to the two or more predetermined target BLER values, where transitions between states are based upon comparisons of the variance of the SINR offset to a plurality of pre-determined thresholds. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein selecting from the two or more pre-determined target BLER values comprises: when the variance of the SINR offset satisfies a first pre-determined threshold of the plurality of pre-determined thresholds, changing from (i) a first state in which the target BLER is set a first pre-determined target BLER value to (ii) a second state in which the target BLER is set to a second, larger pre-determined target BLER value; and when the variance of the SINR offset satisfies a second pre-determined threshold of the plurality of pre-determined thresholds, changing from the second state to the first state. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the first pre-determined threshold is larger than the second pre-determined threshold. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the target BLER is modified to reduce the variance of the SINR offset. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency band is a 2.4 GHz frequency band. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of devices and the UE are operating within an aircraft. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, from the UE radio, acknowledge/not acknowledge (ACK/NACK) indications for the cellular downlink channel; determining an estimated SINR based upon the CSI; and determining the SINR offset based upon the estimated SINR, the ACK/NACK indications, and the target BLER. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising: selecting a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the cellular downlink channel based upon the SINR offset; and sending the selected MCS to the UE radio. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the cellular base station comprises a fourth generation (4G) base station and/or a fifth generation (5G) base station. ### Claim 12 A cellular base station, the cellular base station comprising: a communication interface configured to receive, from a user equipment (UE) radio, channel state information (CSI) for a cellular downlink channel between the cellular base station and the UE; an outer loop link adaptation module configured to determine, using one or more processors, a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) offset for the cellular downlink channel based upon (i) the CSI and (ii) a target block error rate (BLER); and a target BLER determination module configured to, using the one or more processors: detect a variance of the SINR offset for the cellular downlink channel that represents a presence of non-stationary interference, wherein the non-stationary interference is caused by one or more bursty, frequency-hopping transmissions from a plurality of devices operating within a vicinity of the UE and the one or more bursty, frequency-hopping transmissions occur in a frequency band used for the cellular downlink channel, and modify the target BLER based upon the variance of the SINR offset for the cellular downlink channel such that the cellular downlink channel adapts to the presence of the non-stationary interference. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The cellular base station of claim 12, wherein modifying the target BLER comprises comparing the variance of the SINR offset to one or more thresholds. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The cellular base station of claim 12, wherein modifying the target BLER comprises selecting from two or more pre-determined target BLER values using a state machine having two or more states corresponding to the two or more predetermined target BLER values, where transitions between states are based upon comparisons of the variance of the SINR offset to a plurality of pre-determined thresholds. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The cellular base station of claim 14, wherein selecting from the two or more pre-determined target BLER values comprises: when the variance of the SINR offset satisfies a first pre-determined threshold of the plurality of pre-determined thresholds, changing from (i) a first state in which the target BLER is set a first pre-determined target BLER value to (ii) a second state in which the target BLER is set to a second, larger pre-determined target BLER value; and when the variance of the SINR offset satisfies a second pre-determined threshold of the plurality of pre-determined thresholds, changing from the second state to the first state. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The cellular base station of claim 15, wherein the first pre-determined threshold is larger than the second pre-determined threshold. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The cellular base station of claim 12, wherein the cellular base station comprises a fourth generation (4G) base station and/or a fifth generation (5G) base station. ### Claim 18 A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a cellular base station to: receive, from a user equipment (UE) radio, channel state information (CSI) for a cellular downlink channel between the cellular base station and the UE; determine a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) offset for the cellular downlink channel based upon (i) the CSI and (ii) a target block error rate (BLER); detect a variance of the SINR offset for the cellular downlink channel that represents a presence of non-stationary interference, wherein the non-stationary interference is caused by one or more bursty, frequency-hopping transmissions from a plurality of devices operating within a vicinity of the UE and the one or more bursty, frequency-hopping transmissions occur in a frequency band used for the cellular downlink channel; and modify the target BLER based upon the variance of the SINR offset for the cellular downlink channel such that the cellular downlink channel adapts to the presence of the non-stationary interference. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The storage medium of claim 18, wherein modifying the target BLER comprises comparing the variance of the SINR offset to one or more thresholds. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The storage medium of claim 18, wherein modifying the target BLER comprises selecting the target BLER from two or more pre-determined target BLER values using a state machine having two or more states corresponding to the two or more predetermined target BLER values, where transitions between states are based upon comparisons of the variance of the SINR offset to a plurality of pre-determined thresholds. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The storage medium of claim 20, wherein selecting from the two or more pre-determined target BLER values comprises: when the variance of the SINR offset satisfies a first pre-determined threshold of the plurality of pre-determined thresholds, change from (i) a first state in which the target BLER is set a first pre-determined target BLER value to (ii) a second state in which the target BLER is set to a second, larger pre-determined target BLER value; and when the variance of the SINR offset satisfies a second pre-determined threshold of the plurality of pre-determined thresholds, change from the second state to the first state. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) The storage medium of claim 18, wherein the cellular base station comprises a fourth generation (4G) base station and/or a fifth generation (5G) base station.