# US 12,184,531 B2 · Method and device with network topology formation

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- Number: US 12,184,531 B2
- Document ID: US12184531B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/308,872
- Filed: 2023-04-28
- Published: 2024-05-30
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2022-11-30
- Assignees: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Jongwook Lee; Young Jun Hong; Wonseok Lee
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184531B2

## CPC

- H04L 41/12: Discovery or management of network topologies
- H04L 45/02: Topology update or discovery
- H04L 41/0893: Assignment of logical groups to network elements
- H04L 49/15: Interconnection of switching modules
- H04L 41/122: of virtualised topologies, e.g. software-defined networks [SDN] or network function virtualisation [NFV]
- H04L 41/145: {involving simulating, designing, planning or modelling of a network}
- H04L 41/147: for predicting network behaviour
- H04L 41/16: using machine learning or artificial intelligence
- H04L 43/0805: by checking availability
- H04L 43/0876: Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
- H04L 43/16: Threshold monitoring
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

A device includes: a processor configured to execute instructions in a memory, wherein, the instructions are configured to cause the processor to: select a first network group from among network groups, wherein the first network group is selected from among the network groups based on numbers of global links connecting the network groups, respectively; obtain a first list of network groups, among the network groups, that are not connected to the first network group; select a second network group and a third network group from among the network groups in the first list based on connections between the network groups in the first list; and based on the selecting of the first, second, and third network groups, form a topology including global links connecting the first network group, the second network group, and the third network group each to each other.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A device comprising:
a memory comprising instructions; and
one or more processors electrically connected with the memory and configured to execute the instructions, wherein the instructions are configured to, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
selecting a first network group from among network groups, wherein the first network group is selected from among the network groups based on numbers of global links connecting the network groups, respectively;
obtaining a first list of network groups, among the network groups, that are not connected to the first network group;
selecting a second network group and a third network group from among the network groups in the first list based on connections between the network groups in the first list; and
based on the selecting of the first, second, and third network groups, forming a topology comprising global links connecting the first network group, the second network group, and the third network group each to each other.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein each of the network groups comprises:
a respective plurality of servers and a respective plurality of switches.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The device of claim 2, wherein each network group further comprises a plurality of servers, and wherein each plurality of switches is connected by a respective local link to the plurality of servers in its network group.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The device of claim 2, wherein each plurality of switches is connected by a global link to the plurality of switches in its network group.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the selecting of the first network group comprises:
selecting, as the first network group, a network group among the network groups determined to have the least number of global links among the network groups.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the selecting of the second network group and the third network group comprises:
obtaining a second list of network group pairs in the first list, wherein each of the network groups in each pair in the second list are not connected to each other;
selecting one network group pair from among the network group pairs in the second list based on a number of global links corresponding to the one network group;
selecting one of the network groups from the one network group pair as the second network group; and
selecting the other of the network groups from the one network group pair as the third network group.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The device of claim 6, wherein the selecting of the one network group pair comprises:
selecting, as the one network group pair, the network group pair in the second list of network group pairs that has the least number of global links among the network group pairs in the second list.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the forming of the topology comprises:
selecting a first switch from the first network group, a second switch from the second network group, and a third switch comprised from the third network group, the selecting based on the numbers of ports of the respective switches in each of the first, second, and third network group; and
forming the topology to comprise global links connecting the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch each to each other.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The device of claim 8, wherein the numbers of the ports are numbers of available ports.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein each of the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch has two or more available ports.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the global links comprise Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) links.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The device of claim 11, wherein the global links are links of a PCIe-based fabric.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

A routing device for a network generated by the device of claim 1, comprising:
a memory comprising instructions; and
a processor electrically coupled with the memory and configured to execute the instructions,
wherein, the instructions are configured to, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
obtaining information about routes between a departure network group and an arrival network group; and
transmitting traffic using, as selected from among switches comprised in the departure network group, a first switch connected to a first route that directly connects the departure network group and the arrival network group.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The routing device of claim 13, wherein the transmitting of the traffic comprises:
transmitting the traffic through the first route.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The routing device of claim 13, wherein the transmitting of the traffic comprises:
transmitting the traffic through a second route other than the first route among routes connected to the first switch, wherein the second route is selected for the transmitting thereby based on a state of the first route.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The routing device of claim 15, wherein the second route is a route, other than the first route, determined to have the least number of hop counts among the routes connected to the first switch.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The routing device of claim 13, wherein the transmitting of the traffic comprises:
transmitting the traffic using a second switch other than the first switch among the plurality of switches, wherein the second switch is selected for the transmitting based on hop counts of respective routes connected to the first switch.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The routing device of claim 17, wherein the selecting of the second switch is responsive to determining that the hop count of the second switch is greater than or equal to a threshold value.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The routing device of claim 17, wherein the second switch is connected to a route having the least hop count among the switches not including the first switch.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

A network system comprising network groups, wherein each of the network groups comprises:
servers; and
network switches for communication among the network groups,
wherein the network groups are connected to each other based on a topology generated by the device of claim 1.