# US 12,184,384 B2 · Beam-based carrier phase positioning

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- Number: US 12,184,384 B2
- Document ID: US12184384B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/265,033
- Filed: 2021-01-21
- Published: 2024-02-01
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2021-01-21
- Assignees: Nokia Technologies Oy
- Applicants: Nokia Technologies Oy
- Inventors: Onel Alcaraz López; Carlos Morais De Lima; Antti Tölli; Juha Pekka Karjalainen; Sami-Jukka Hakola; Timo Koskela; Jari Yrjänä Hulkkonen
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184384B2

## CPC

- G01S 5/0273: {using multipath or indirect path propagation signals in position determination}
- H04B 7/0696: {Determining beam pairs}
- G01S 5/14: Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
- G01S 11/02: using radio waves (G01S19/00 takes precedence)
- H04B 7/06958: {Multistage beam selection, e.g. beam refinement}
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

Method comprising: ⋅selecting a subset of one or more beam pairs among a set of beam pairs via which a terminal and a base station are associated, wherein for each of the beam pairs of the subset, a suitability of the respective beam pair is better than a suitability threshold; for each of the beam pairs of the subset: ⋅⋅determining a respective set of at least two tones; ⋅⋅performing a respective relative phase measurement based on the respective virtual wavelength to obtain a respective virtual phase difference; and at least one of ⋅∘reporting the respective set of at least two tones and the respective virtual phase difference to the base station; and ⋅∘estimating a respective distance between the terminal and a transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair based on the respective virtual phase difference and the preliminary uncertainty region.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; and
at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the apparatus to:
select a subset of one or more beam pairs among a set of beam pairs via which a terminal and a base station are associated, wherein for each of the beam pairs of the subset, a suitability of the respective beam pair is better than a suitability threshold;
for each of the beam pairs of the subset:
determine a respective set of at least two tones;
perform a respective relative phase measurement based on a respective virtual wavelength to obtain a respective virtual phase difference; and at least one of
report the respective set of at least two tones and the respective virtual phase difference to the base station; and
estimate a respective distance between the terminal and a transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair based on the respective virtual phase difference and the preliminary uncertainty region; and
the respective set of at least two tones is determined such that a respective virtual wavelength λv generated from the at least two tones fulfills a condition λv≥2ρ, wherein ρ is a distance from a respective predicted position of the terminal to a boundary of a respective preliminary uncertainty region of the predicted position of the terminal;
the respective distance between the terminal and the transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair is estimated based on the respective relative phase measurement and the preliminary uncertainty region.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, for each of the beam pairs of the subset:
perform a respective relative phase measurement based on at least one of the determined tones; wherein the respective distance between the terminal and the transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair is estimated based on the respective relative phase measurement based on the respective virtual wavelength and based on the respective relative phase measurement based on the at least one of the determined tones.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, for at least one of the beam pairs of the subset, the distance p from the respective predicted position of the terminal to the boundary of the respective preliminary uncertainty region of the predicted position is predetermined.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, for at least one of the beam pairs of the subset:
determine the respective preliminary uncertainty region and the distance ρ from the respective predicted position of the terminal to the boundary of the respective preliminary uncertainty region of the predicted position by a location measurement different from the respective relative phase measurement.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the subset of the beam pairs comprises plural beam pairs, and the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:
determine a refined uncertainty region based on the distances obtained from the relative phase measurements of the beam pairs of the subset, wherein the terminal is located in the refined uncertainty region.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, for at least one of the beam pairs of the subset:
report the distance ρ from the respective predicted position of the terminal to the boundary of the respective preliminary uncertainty region of the predicted position to the base station; and/or
report the tones of the respective subset to the base station.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:
perform a ranking of the beam pairs of the set of beam pairs to generate a ranking list; wherein
for each of the beam pairs, the suitability is the respective rank in the ranking list;
the beam pairs of the subset are selected such that the subset does not comprise the n lowest ranked beam pairs of the set of beam pairs, n is a predefined integer, and n is equal to or larger than 1.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, for each of the beam pairs of the set of beam pairs:
determine at least one of a respective reference signal received power; wherein
the suitability comprises the reference signal received power; and wherein
the respective beam pair is selected for the subset of the beam pairs if the respective reference signal received power is higher than a reference signal received power threshold.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the reference signal received power threshold is predetermined, and an angle of arrival threshold is predetermined, respectively.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:
determine a highest reference signal received power among the beam pairs of the set of beam pairs; and
determine the reference signal received power threshold as a predefined percentage of the highest reference signal received power.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:
determine a strongest beam pair having a highest reference signal received power among the beam pairs of the set of beam pairs; and
determine an angle of arrival of the strongest beam pair; wherein
the suitability comprises the angle of arrival; and wherein
for each of the beam pairs of the set of beam pairs, the respective beam pair is selected for the subset of the beam pairs if the respective angle of arrival deviates from the angle of arrival of the strongest beam pair by not more than a predetermined angle of arrival threshold.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, for at least one of the beams of the subset, the tones for generating the virtual wavelength and the non-local virtual wavelength, respectively, are determined among a predefined set of tones such that an absolute value of a difference of their frequencies is maximized.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, for each of the beam pairs of the subset:
decide whether or not the beam pair is assumed to be a line-of-sight beam pair; and
if the beam pair is not assumed to be a line-of-sight beam pair, take a phase jump into account in the relative phase measurement.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the tones comprises at least a respective one of a position reference signal, a non-zero-power channel status information reference signal for tracking, a phase tracking reference signal, a non-zero-power channel status information reference signal for acquisition, a non-zero-power channel status information reference signal beam management, a synchronization signal block, primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal and a demodulation reference signal.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, for at least one of the beam pairs of the subset:
report the respective distance between the terminal and the transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair to the base station.

### Claim 16

An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; and
at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the apparatus to:
select a subset of two or more beam pairs among a set of beam pairs via which a terminal and a base station are associated, wherein for each of the beam pairs of the subset, a suitability of the respective beam pair is better than a suitability threshold;
for each of the beam pairs of the subset:
determine a respective set of at least one tone to generate a respective non-local virtual wavelength from one of the tones of the set of at least one tone and a tone of another beam of the subset;
perform a respective relative phase measurement based on the respective non-local virtual wavelength to obtain a respective non-local virtual phase difference; and at least one of
report the set of tones, the respective beam pair and the other beam pair, and the respective non-local virtual phase difference to the base station; and
estimate a respective distance between the terminal and a transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair based on the respective non-local virtual phase difference and the preliminary uncertainty region; and
the respective set of at least one tone is determined such that a respective non- local virtual wavelength λv generated from the tones of two beams of the subset fulfills a condition λv≥2ρ, wherein ρ is a distance from a respective predicted position of the terminal to a boundary of the respective preliminary uncertainty region of the predicted position of the terminal; and
the respective distance between the terminal and the transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair is estimated based on the respective relative phase measurement and the preliminary uncertainty region.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, for each of the beam pairs of the subset:
perform a respective relative phase measurement based on one of the determined set of at least one tone;
the respective distance between the terminal and the transmission reception point of the base station emitting the respective beam pair is determined based on the respective relative phase measurement based on the respective non-local virtual wavelength and based on the respective relative phase measurement based on the one of the determined set of at least one tone.