# US 12,184,371 B1 · Explicit multiuser beamforming training in a wireless local area network > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,184,371 B1 - Document ID: US12184371B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 18/378,135 - Filed: 2023-10-09 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2015-11-13 - Assignees: Marvell Asia Pte Ltd - Applicants: Marvell Asia Pte Ltd - Inventors: Liwen Chu; Yakun Sun; Rui Cao; Hongyuan Zhang; Hui-Ling Lou - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184371B1 ## CPC - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04L 1/1614: {using bitmaps} - H04L 1/1671: {the supervisory signal being transmitted together with control information} - H04L 5/0055: {Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK (for physical mapping arrangements in ARQ protocols H04L1/1861)} - H04L 25/0202: {Channel estimation} - H04B 7/0452: Multi-user MIMO systems - H04L 27/2601: {Multicarrier modulation systems} - H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks] - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract A first communication device transmits an NDP to a second communication device simultaneously with transmission of one or more other NDPs by the one or more third communication devices. Then, the first communication device receives a data unit that includes respective beamforming feedback data units for respective ones of the second communication device and the one or more third communication devices. The beamforming feedback data units include an aggregate media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) that includes a plurality of fragments of beamforming training information for the first communication device. The beamforming training information in the A-MPDU is generated by the second communication device based on the set of one or more training signals included in the NDP transmitted by the first communication device. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for beamforming training in a wireless communication network, the method comprising: receiving, at a first communication device, a first data unit from a second communication device, the first data unit including respective resource allocation indications indicating respective resources allocated for transmission by multiple communication devices, the multiple communication devices including the first communication device and one or more third communication devices, the respective resource allocation indications indicating one or both of a) respective frequency portions for transmission of respective null data packets (NDPs) by respective ones of the multiple communication devices, and b) respective one or more spatial streams allocated for transmission of the respective NDPs by the respective ones of the multiple communication devices; in response to receiving the first data unit, transmitting, by the first communication device, an NDP to the second communication device simultaneously with transmission of one or more other NDPs by the one or more third communication devices, wherein the NDP i) includes a set of one or more training signals that allow the second communication device to estimate a communication channel from the first communication device to the second communication device, ii) was transmitted by the first communication device using the one or both of a) the frequency portion and b) the one or more spatial streams as indicated by the resource allocation indication corresponding to the first communication device in the first data unit that was transmitted to the multiple communication devices, and iii) omits a data portions; and receiving, at the first communication device, a second data unit that includes respective beamforming feedback data units for respective ones of the multiple communication devices, the beamforming feedback data units including an aggregate media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) that includes a plurality of fragments of beamforming training information for the first communication device, the beamforming training information in the A-MPDU having been generated by the second communication device based on the set of one or more training signals included in the NDP transmitted by the first communication device. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, at the first communication device, that one or more of the fragments in the plurality of fragments were not correctly received by the first communication device; in response to determining that one or more of the fragments in the plurality of fragments were not correctly received by the first communication device, transmitting, by the first communication device, a third data unit to the second communication device to prompt the second communication device to retransmit the set of at least one fragment of the plurality of fragments. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising: responsive to transmitting the third data unit, receiving, at the first communication device, a fourth data unit from the second communication device, the fourth data unit including all fragments in the plurality of fragments that were previously transmitted by the second communication device in the second data unit. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising: responsive to transmitting the third data unit, receiving, at the first communication device, a fourth data unit from the second communication device, the fourth data unit including a particular one or more fragments of the plurality of fragments, wherein the fourth data unit does not include all fragments in the plurality of fragments that were previously transmitted by the second communication device in the second data unit. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, further comprising: in response to determining that one or more of the fragments in the plurality of fragments were not correctly received by the first communication device, generating, by the first communication device, a bitmap to indicate a set of at least one fragment of the plurality of fragments that is to be retransmitted by the second communication device, wherein bits of the bitmap correspond to respective fragments in the plurality of fragments; and including, by the first communication device, the bitmap in the third data unit; wherein the fourth data unit includes the set of at least one fragment indicated by the bitmap. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating, at the first communication device, a steering matrix using the beamforming training information; and using, at the first communication device, the steering matrix to perform beamforming while transmitting to the second communication device. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein perform beamforming while transmitting to the second communication device comprises: performing beamforming while transmitting an uplink single user transmission to the second communication device. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein perform beamforming while transmitting to the second communication device comprises: performing beamforming while transmitting as part of an uplink multi-user transmission that includes simultaneous respective transmissions to the second communication device by the first communication device and one or more third communication devices. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the uplink multi-user transmission is one of (i) an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission and (ii) a multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission. ### Claim 10 An apparatus, comprising: a wireless network interface device associated with a first communication device, the wireless network interface device having one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to: receive a first data unit from a second communication device, the first data unit including respective resource allocation indications indicating respective resources allocated for transmission by multiple communication devices, the multiple communication devices including the first communication device and one or more third communication devices, the respective resource allocation indications indicating one or both of a) respective frequency portions for transmission of respective null data packets (NDPs) by respective ones of the multiple communication devices, and b) respective one or more spatial streams allocated for transmission of the respective NDPs by the respective ones of the multiple communication devices, in response to receiving the first data unit, transmit an NDP to the second communication device simultaneously with transmission of one or more other NDPs by the one or more third communication devices, wherein the NDP i) includes a set of one or more training signals that allow the second communication device to estimate a communication channel from the first communication device to the second communication device, ii) was transmitted by the first communication device using the one or both of a) the frequency portion and b) the one or more spatial streams as indicated by the resource allocation indication corresponding to the first communication device in the first data unit that was transmitted to the multiple communication devices, and iii) omits a data portions, and receive a second data unit that includes respective beamforming feedback data units for respective ones of the multiple communication devices, the beamforming feedback data units including an aggregate media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) that includes a plurality of fragments of beamforming training information for the first communication device, the beamforming training information in the A-MPDU having been generated by the second communication device based on the set of one or more training signals included in the NDP transmitted by the first communication device. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more ICs are further configured to: determine that one or more of the fragments in the plurality of fragments were not correctly received by the first communication device; and in response to determining that one or more of the fragments in the plurality of fragments were not correctly received by the first communication device, transmit a third data unit to the second communication device to prompt the second communication device to retransmit the set of at least one fragment of the plurality of fragments. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more ICs are further configured to: responsive to transmitting the third data unit, receive a fourth data unit from the second communication device, the fourth data unit including all fragments in the plurality of fragments that were previously transmitted by the second communication device in the second data unit. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more ICs are further configured to: responsive to transmitting the third data unit, receive a fourth data unit from the second communication device, the fourth data unit including a particular one or more fragments of the plurality of fragments, wherein the fourth data unit does not include all fragments in the plurality of fragments that were previously transmitted by the second communication device in the second data unit. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more ICs are further configured to: in response to determining that one or more of the fragments in the plurality of fragments were not correctly received by the first communication device, generate a bitmap to indicate a set of at least one fragment of the plurality of fragments that is to be retransmitted by the second communication device, wherein bits of the bitmap correspond to respective fragments in the plurality of fragments; and include the bitmap in the third data unit; wherein the fourth data unit includes the set of at least one fragment indicated by the bitmap. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more ICs are further configured to: generate a steering matrix using the beamforming training information; and use the steering matrix to perform beamforming while transmitting to the second communication device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more ICs are configured to: perform the beamforming while transmitting an uplink single user transmission to the second communication device. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more ICs are configured to: perform the beamforming while transmitting as part of an uplink multi-user transmission that includes simultaneous respective transmissions to the second communication device by the first communication device and one or more third communication devices. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the uplink multi-user transmission is one of (i) an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission and (ii) a multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission. ### Claim 19 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the wireless network interface device further comprises one or more transceivers implemented using the one or more IC devices. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The first apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: one or more antennas coupled to the one or more transceivers.