# US 12,184,294 B2 · Split pass device applications for DAC supply systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,184,294 B2 - Document ID: US12184294B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/872,993 - Filed: 2022-07-25 - Published: 2024-01-25 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2022-07-25 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Antonio Passamani; Timo W Gossmann; Adrien F Vargas; Guillaume Gourlat - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184294B2 ## CPC - H03M 1/002: {Provisions or arrangements for saving power, e.g. by allowing a sleep mode, using lower supply voltage for downstream stages, using multiple clock domains or by selectively turning on stages when needed} - G05F 1/575: characterised by the feedback circuit - H03F 3/45071: {with semiconductor devices only} - H03F 3/45475: {using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit} - H03M 1/66: Digital/analogue converters ({H03M1/001 – } H03M1/10 take precedence) - H03F 3/20: Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers (H03F3/26 - H03F3/30 take precedence) - H03G 3/20: Automatic control ({H03G3/005 takes precedence;} combined with volume compression or expansion H03G7/00) - H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C) - G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES - H03F: AMPLIFIERS - H03G: CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION ## Abstract The present disclosure relates to power management for digital-to-analog converters (DACs). As electronic devices and the components therein become increasingly smaller to satisfy the desire for more compact/portable devices, the operating voltage may be reduced to reduce the likelihood of shorts and/or voltage/current bleeds. To maintain comparable power output with the reduced operating voltage, the current may increase proportionally to the decrease in voltage. Consequently, in scaled devices and applications, high-current low-voltage regulators may be beneficial. As such, a low-dropout regulator (LDO) including one or more operational amplifiers and multiple pass devices may be implemented between a power supply and the DAC to regulate the power supply to the DAC. Moreover, the LDO may include one or more feedback loops to maintain a desired voltage regulation of the pass devices. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system, comprising: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC); first supply regulation circuitry coupled to a first portion of the DAC, the first supply regulation circuitry comprising a first amplifier, a second amplifier, and a first pass device, wherein a first output of the first amplifier and a second output of the second amplifier are combined to regulate a gate voltage of the first pass device, and wherein the first amplifier is configured to provide a first adjustment to the gate voltage and the second amplifier is configured to provide a second adjustment to the gate voltage, the first adjustment comprising a higher gain at a lower frequency than the second adjustment; and second supply regulation circuitry coupled to a second portion of the DAC, the second supply regulation circuitry comprising a third amplifier and a second pass device. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first supply regulation circuitry is configured to provide a first DAC power supply signal to the first portion of the DAC via the first pass device, and wherein the second supply regulation circuitry is configured to provide a second DAC power supply signal to the second portion of the DAC via the second pass device. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein the first amplifier is configured to regulate, at least in part, the first DAC power supply signal by adjusting the gate voltage of the first pass device based at least in part on the first DAC power supply signal output by the first pass device. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein the third amplifier is configured to regulate, at least in part, the second DAC power supply signal by adjusting a second gate voltage of the second pass device based at least in part on the second DAC power supply signal output by the second pass device. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein the second amplifier is configured to regulate, at least in part, the first DAC power supply signal by adjusting the gate voltage of the first pass device based at least in part on the first DAC power supply signal, and wherein the first adjustment and the second adjustment are combined via an adder. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first amplifier, the third amplifier, or both comprise an operational transconductance amplifier, and wherein the first pass device, the second pass device, or both comprise a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first supply regulation circuitry and the second supply regulation circuitry are disposed symmetrically about an axis of the DAC. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, comprising a programmable short coupled to the DAC, the programmable short configured to adjust an impedance between the first portion of the DAC and the second portion of the DAC. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the programmable short is configured to increase the impedance based on an expected combined current draw of the first portion of the DAC and the second portion of the DAC exceeding a threshold, and decrease the impedance based on the expected combined current draw being below the threshold. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the DAC comprises a first load associated with a first phase and a second load associated with a second phase. ### Claim 11 A method, comprising: generating, via a plurality of power regulation circuits, a plurality of power supply signals, the plurality of power regulation circuits comprising respective pass devices; regulating, via the plurality of power regulation circuits, the plurality of power supply signals based at least in part on gate voltages of the respective pass devices; supplying, via the plurality of power regulation circuits, the plurality of power supply signals to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC); activating a first set of the plurality of power regulation circuits based on an expected power draw of the DAC being below a first threshold; and activating a second set of the plurality of power regulation circuits based on the expected power draw of the DAC being above the first threshold. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, comprising: activating the second set of the plurality of power regulation circuits based on the expected power draw of the DAC being above the first threshold and below a second threshold; and activating a third set of the plurality of power regulation circuits based on the expected power draw of the DAC being above the second threshold. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the first set comprises fewer power regulation circuits than the second set, and wherein the second set comprises fewer power regulation circuits than the third set. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein a power regulation circuit of the plurality of power regulation circuits comprises an amplifier and a pass device of the respective pass devices, the amplifier being configured to regulate a power supply signal of the plurality of power supply signals by regulating a gate voltage of the pass device based at least in part on the power supply signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of power regulation circuits comprises a plurality of low-dropout regulators. ### Claim 16 Transmit circuitry, comprising: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC); a first pass device configured to output a first power supply signal to a first power input of the DAC; a first amplifier configured to regulate a first gate voltage of the first pass device based at least in part on the first power supply signal, wherein the first amplifier and the first pass device are configured to deactivate based on the DAC operating in a reduced power mode; a second pass device configured to output a second power supply signal to a second power input of the DAC; and a second amplifier configured to regulate a second gate voltage of the second pass device based at least in part on the second power supply signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The transmit circuitry of claim 16, comprising: a third pass device configured to output a third power supply signal to a third power input of the DAC; a third amplifier configured to regulate a third gate voltage of the third pass device based at least in part on the third power supply signal; a fourth pass device configured to output a fourth power supply signal to a fourth power input of the DAC; and a fourth amplifier configured to regulate a fourth gate voltage of the fourth pass device based at least in part on the fourth power supply signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The transmit circuitry of claim 16, wherein the DAC comprises a fractal DAC having a plurality of unit cells. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The transmit circuitry of claim 18, wherein the first amplifier, the first pass device, the second amplifier, and the second pass device are disposed within a control channel of the fractal DAC. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The transmit circuitry of claim 16, wherein the reduced power mode is associated with an expected power draw of the DAC below a threshold.