# US 12,184,183 B2 · Flyback power converter having emulated demagnetized signal and switching control circuit and control method thereof

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 12,184,183 B2
- Document ID: US12184183B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/673,158
- Filed: 2022-02-16
- Published: 2022-08-25
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2021-02-25
- Assignees: Richtek Technology Corporation
- Applicants: Richtek Technology Corporation
- Inventors: Ta-Yung Yang; Ying-Chieh Su; Yu-Chang Chen
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184183B2

## CPC

- H02M 3/01: {Resonant DC/DC converters}
- H02M 3/33571: {Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer}
- H02M 1/0035: {using burst mode control}
- H02M 1/0058: {by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero (using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826)}
- H02M 1/083: {for the ignition at the zero crossing of the voltage or the current}
- H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop}
- H02M 3/33592: {having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer}
- H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter}
- Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

A flyback power converter includes: a first transistor switching a transformer for generating a primary switching current and an output voltage; and a second transistor generating a circulated current to achieve ZVS (zero voltage switching) of the first transistor; wherein the flyback power converter actively forces at least one switching cycle to be operated in a DCM (discontinuous conduction mode) operation when the primary switching current is determined to have been operating in a non-DCM operation for a predetermined number of switching cycles. The flyback power converter generates a demagnetized signal which emulates the demagnetized time of the transformer for controlling the second transistor during the non-DCM operation. The flyback power converter calibrates the demagnetized signal according to the demagnetized time during the actively fored DCM operation.

## Claims

### Claim 1

1. A flyback power converter which is configured as a resonant flyback power converter, comprising:
a first transistor and a second transistor which are connected to a switching node to form a half-bridge circuit; and
a transformer and a resonant capacitor which are connected in series forming a resonant tank, wherein the resonant tank is connected to the switching node and is switched by the half-bridge circuit;
wherein the first transistor is configured to switch the resonant tank for generating a primary switching current and an output voltage;
wherein the second transistor is configured to switch the resonant tank for generating a circulated current to achieve ZVS (zero voltage switching) of the first transistor, and for generating a demagnetized current;
wherein the flyback power converter performs at least one switching cycle of an actively forced DCM (discontinuous conduction mode) operation when the primary switching current is determined and counted to have been operating in a non-DCM operation for a predetermined number of switching cycles, wherein during the actively forced DCM operation, an OFF time between two neighboring ON periods of the first transistor is actively forced to be longer to an extent that the flyback power converter is forced to operate in DCM;
wherein the flyback power converter calibrates a period of a demagnetized signal based on a demagnetized time during the actively forced DCM operation by detecting a knee point related to the switching node;
wherein the period of the demagnetized signal, calibrated during the actively forced DCM operation, is configured to emulate the demagnetized time of the transformer for controlling the second transistor during the subsequent non-DCM operation.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The flyback power converter of claim 1, wherein in the actively forced DCM operation, the flyback power converter detects a knee point of a reflected voltage from an auxiliary winding of the transformer for calibrating the demagnetized signal during the first transistor being off, wherein a period of the reflected voltage, determined by the knee point, is related to the demagnetized time of the transformer.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The flyback power converter of claim 2, wherein in the actively forced DCM operation, the second transistor is controlled to be off after first transistor is turned off, such that the half-bridge circuit operates in an asynchronous mode, wherein the knee point is generated by a demagnetized current, flowing through a body diode of the second transistor and the resonant capacitor, ramping down to 0 in the asynchronous mode.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The flyback power converter of claim 1, further comprising a counter configured to operably count a number of switching cycles operating in the non-DCM operation and enable the actively forced DCM operation when the primary switching current has been counted being operated in the non-DCM operation for a predetermined number of switching cycles.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The flyback power converter of claim 1, wherein during the non-DCM operation, the pulse period of the demagnetized signal, calibrated during the actively forced DCM operation, is utilized to control a lower limit of an on time of the second transistor for demagnetizing the transformer after turning off the first transistor during subsequent non-DCM operation.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The flyback power converter of claim 1, wherein the pulse period of the demagnetized signal is correlated to a level of an input voltage of the transformer during the magnetized time thereof, a level of the output voltage of the transformer and an on-time period of the first transistor.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The flyback power converter of claim 1, further comprising a tuning device for generating the demagnetized signal; wherein the flyback power converter adjusts a parameter of the tuning device to calibrate the demagnetized signal according to the demagnetized time of the transformer during the actively forced DCM operation.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The flyback power converter of claim 7, wherein the tuning device is a resistor and the parameter is the resistance of the resistor.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The flyback power converter of claim 1, wherein after the actively forced DCM operation, a second driving signal is turned on with a ZVS pulse firstly to generate a negative circulated current to achieve ZVS for the first transistor.

### Claim 10

A switching control circuit for controlling a flyback power converter which is configured as a resonant flyback power converter, wherein the flyback power converter includes: a first transistor and a second transistor which are connected to a switching node to form a half-bridge circuit; and
a transformer and a resonant capacitor which are connected in series forming a resonant tank, wherein the resonant tank is connected to the switching node and is switched by the half-bridge circuit;
wherein the first transistor is configured to switch the resonant tank for generating a primary switching current and an output voltage;
wherein the second transistor is configured to switch the resonant tank for generating a circulated current to achieve ZVS (zero voltage switching) of the first transistor, and for generating a demagnetized current; the switching control circuit comprising:
a control unit, configured to operably generate a first signal for controlling the first transistor and a second signal for controlling the second transistor according to a feedback signal which is related to the output voltage; and
a cycle counter, configured to operably count a number of switching cycles operating in a non-DCM operation according to the primary switching current;
wherein the control unit performs at least one switching cycle of an actively forced DCM (discontinuous conduction mode) operation when the primary switching current is determined and counted to have been operating in the non-DCM operation for a predetermined number of switching cycles, wherein during the actively forced DCM operation, an OFF time between two neighboring ON periods of the first transistor is actively forced to be longer to an extent that the flyback power converter is forced to operate in DCM;
wherein the control unit calibrates a period of a demagnetized signal based on a demagnetized time during the actively forced DCM operation by detecting a knee point related to the switching node;
wherein the period of the demagnetized signal, calibrated during the actively forced DCM operation, is configured to emulate the demagnetized time of the transformer for controlling the second transistor during the subsequent non-DCM operation.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The switching control circuit of claim 10, wherein in the actively forced DCM operation, the control unit detects a knee point of a reflected voltage from an auxiliary winding of the transformer for calibrating the demagnetized signal during the first transistor being off, wherein a period of the reflected voltage, determined by the knee point, is related to the demagnetized time of the transformer.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The switching control circuit of claim 11, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor form a half-bridge circuit, wherein in the actively forced DCM operation, the second transistor is controlled to be off after first transistor is turned off, such that the half-bridge circuit operates in an asynchronous mode, wherein the knee point is generated by a demagnetized current, flowing through a body diode of the second transistor and the resonant capacitor, ramping down to 0 in the asynchronous mode.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The switching control circuit of claim 10, wherein during the non-DCM operation, the pulse period of the demagnetized signal, calibrated during the actively forced DCM operation, is utilized to control a lower limit of an on time of the second transistor for demagnetizing the transformer after turning off the first transistor during subsequent non-DCM operation.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The switching control circuit of claim 10, wherein the pulse period of the demagnetized signal is correlated to a level of an input voltage of the transformer during the magnetized time thereof, a level of the output voltage of the transformer and an on-time period of the first transistor.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The switching control circuit of claim 10, wherein the switching control circuit further adjusts a parameter of a tuning device coupled to the flyback power converter to calibrate the demagnetized signal according to the demagnetized time of the transformer during the actively forced DCM operation.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The switching control circuit of claim 15, the tuning device is a resistor and the parameter is the resistance of the resistor.

### Claim 17 (depends on 10)

The switching control circuit of claim 10, wherein after the actively forced DCM operation, the second driving signal is turned on with a ZVS pulse firstly to generate a negative circulated current to achieve ZVS for the first transistor.

### Claim 18 (depends on 11)

The switching control circuit of claim 11, wherein the control unit includes a demagnetizing emulator for generating the demagnetized signal, wherein the demagnetizing emulator includes:
an integration capacitor and a switch coupled to sample and hold a current sense signal which is related to the primary switching current; and
a discharging circuit, configured to operably generate a discharging current related to the output voltage for discharging the integration capacitor;
wherein the demagnetized signal is generated according to a voltage across the integration capacitor discharged by the discharging current from an end of magnetizing the transformer.

### Claim 19

A control method for controlling a flyback power converter, wherein the flyback power converter which is configured as a resonant flyback power converter includes: a first transistor and a second transistor which are connected to a switching node to form a half-bridge circuit; and
a transformer and a resonant capacitor which are connected in series forming a resonant tank, wherein the resonant tank is connected to the switching node and is switched by the half-bridge circuit;
wherein the first transistor is configured to switch the resonant tank for generating a primary switching current and an output voltage;
wherein the second transistor is configured to switch the resonant tank for generating a circulated current to achieve ZVS (zero voltage switching) of the first transistor, and for generating a demagnetized current; the control method comprising:
generating a first signal for controlling the first transistor and a second signal for controlling the second transistor according to a feedback signal which is related to the output voltage;
counting a number of switching cycles operating in a non-DCM operation according to the primary switching current;
performs at least one switching cycle of an actively forced DCM (discontinuous conduction mode) operation when the primary switching current is determined and counted to have been operating in the non-DCM operation for a predetermined number of switching cycles, wherein during the actively forced DCM operation, an OFF time between two neighboring ON periods of the first transistor is actively forced to be longer to an extent that the flyback power converter is forced to operate in DCM;
calibrating a period of a demagnetized signal based on a demagnetized time during the actively forced DCM operation by detecting a knee point related to the switching node; and
emulating the demagnetized time of the transformer for controlling the second transistor during the subsequent non-DCM operation based on the period of the demagnetized signal which is calibrated during the actively forced DCM operation.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The control method of claim 19, wherein the step of calibrating the demagnetized signal includes:
in the actively forced DCM operation, detecting a knee point of a reflected voltage from an auxiliary winding of the transformer for calibrating the demagnetized signal during the first transistor being off, wherein a period of the reflected voltage, determined by the knee point, is related to the time of the demagnetized transformer.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The control method of claim 20, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor form a half-bridge circuit, wherein the step of calibrating the demagnetized signal further includes: in the actively forced DCM operation, controlling the second transistor to be off after first transistor is turned off, such that the half-bridge circuit operates in an asynchronous mode, wherein the knee point is generated by a demagnetized current, flowing through a body diode of the second transistor and the resonant capacitor, ramping down to 0 in the asynchronous mode.

### Claim 22 (depends on 19)

The control method of claim 19, wherein the step of generating the first signal and the second signal includes:
controlling a lower limit of an on time of the second transistor during subsequent non-DCM operation according to the pulse period of the demagnetized signal which is calibrated during the actively forced DCM operation for demagnetizing the transformer after turning off the first transistor.

### Claim 23 (depends on 19)

The control method of claim 19, wherein the pulse period of the demagnetized signal is correlated to a level of an input voltage of the transformer during the magnetized time thereof, a level of the output voltage of the transformer and an on-time period of the first transistor.

### Claim 24 (depends on 19)

The control method of claim 19, wherein the step of calibrating the demagnetized signal further includes:
adjusting a parameter of a tuning device coupled to the flyback power converter to calibrate the demagnetized signal according to the demagnetized time of the transformer during the actively forced DCM operation.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The control method of claim 24, wherein the tuning device is a resistor and the parameter is the resistance of the resistor.

### Claim 26 (depends on 19)

The control method of claim 19, further comprising:
after the actively forced DCM operation, turning on the second transistor by a first pulse of the second driving signal after the DCM operation to magnetize the transformer from the resonant capacitor of the flyback power converter to the transformer, thereby generating a negative circulated current to achieve ZVS for the first transistor, wherein the resonant capacitor is connected in series with the transformer.