# US 12,184,171 B2 · Charge pump with improved light-load efficiency and control method thereof > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,184,171 B2 - Document ID: US12184171B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/309,451 - Filed: 2023-04-28 - Published: 2023-08-17 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2022-05-05 - Assignees: Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Zhenya Zhang; Lei Du; Rui Wang; Shanglin Xu; Yueying Du - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184171B2 ## CPC - H02M 1/0032: {Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode} - H02M 3/07: using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode {, e.g. charge pumps} - H02M 1/0012: {Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques (in DC/DC converters H02M3/157, H02M3/33515; in DC-AC converters H02M7/53873)} - H02M 1/0043: {Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved (non-isolated DC/DC converters H02M3/1586)} - H02M 1/088: for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract A charge pump comprises two bridge arms coupled in parallel, two capacitors, and a control circuit. Each bridge arm has two pairs of switches coupled in series, each pair of switches having two switches coupled in series through a common node. Each capacitor is connected between the two common nodes of the corresponding bridge arm. The control circuit provides a mode signal by comparing an output voltage of the charge pump with two threshold voltages via a hysteretic comparison, and provides two control signals with opposite logic states based on the mode signal to control each pair of the switches to work complementarily, wherein the logic states of the control signals flip in response to transiting from a first status to a second status of the mode signal, and maintain in response to transiting from the second status to the first status of the mode signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A control circuit for a charge pump, wherein the charge pump comprises two bridge arms coupled in parallel between an input node which receives an input voltage and a reference ground, and two capacitors corresponding to the two bridge arms, each of the bridge arms having two pairs of switches coupled in series through an output node to provide an output voltage, and each of the two pairs of switches having two switches coupled in series through a common node of the corresponding bridge arm, and wherein each of the two capacitors is connected between the two common nodes of the corresponding bridge arm, the control circuit comprising: a judging circuit, configured to provide a mode signal by comparing the output voltage of the charge pump with a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage via a hysteretic comparison; and a logic circuit, configured to provide a first control signal and a second control signal based on the mode signal, wherein the first control signal and the second control signal have opposite logic states to control each of the two pairs of switches of the charge pump to work complementarily, and wherein the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal flip in response to transiting from a first status to a second status of the mode signal, and the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal maintain in response to transiting from the second status to the first status of the mode signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The control circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit keeps one of the two capacitors electrically coupled between the input node and the output node, and keeps the other one of the two capacitors electrically coupled between the output node and the reference ground. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The control circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a clock pulse generating circuit, configured to provide a clock pulse signal comprising a plurality of continuous pulses based on the second status of the mode signal; wherein the control circuit flips the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal in response to the plurality of continuous pulses of the clock pulse signal or the transiting from the first status to the second status of the mode signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The control circuit of claim 3, wherein the logic circuit comprises: a rising edge detection circuit, comprising an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal of the rising edge detection circuit is configured to receive the mode signal, and the rising edge detection circuit is configured to detect rising edges of the mode signal; an OR gate, comprising a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal of the OR gate is coupled to the output terminal of the rising edge detection circuit, and the second input terminal of the OR gate is configured to receive the clock pulse signal; and a D flip-flop, comprising an input terminal, a clock terminal, an output terminal, and an inverting output terminal, wherein the input terminal and the inverting output terminal of the D flip-flop are coupled together, the clock terminal of the D flip-flop is coupled to the output terminal of the OR gate, and the D flip-flop is configured to provide the first control signal at its output terminal, and to provide the second control signal via a first inverter. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The control circuit of claim 1, wherein the judging circuit comprises: a resistor, comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the resistor is configured to receive a difference between one half of the input voltage and an offset voltage; a hysteresis comparator, comprising a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the non-inverting input terminal of the hysteresis comparator is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor, the inverting input terminal of the hysteresis comparator is configured to receive the output voltage, and the output terminal of the hysteresis comparator is configured to provide the mode signal; a current source, comprising a supply terminal and an output terminal, wherein the supply terminal of the current source is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor; and a first switch, comprising a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first switch is coupled to the output terminal of the current source, the second terminal of the first switch is coupled to the reference ground, and the control terminal of the first switch is coupled to the output terminal of the hysteresis comparator via a second inverter. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The control circuit of claim 1, wherein: when the output voltage decreases to be smaller than the first threshold voltage, the mode signal transits from the first status to the second status; and when the output voltage increases to be larger than the second threshold voltage, the mode signal transits from the second status to the first status. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The control circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is capable of controlling the charge pump to provide the output voltage having a peak value larger than half of the input voltage. ### Claim 8 A charge pump, comprising: an input node, configured to receive an input voltage; an output node, configured to provide an output voltage; two bridge arms, coupled in parallel between the input node and a reference ground, wherein each of the two bridge arms has two pairs of switches coupled in series through an output node, and wherein each of the two pairs of switches has two switches coupled in series through a common node of the corresponding bridge arm; two capacitors, wherein one of the two capacitors is connected between the two common nodes of one of the two bridge arms, and the other one of the two capacitors is connected between the two common nodes of the other one of the two bridge arms; and a control circuit, configured to provide a first control signal and a second control signal having opposite logic states to control each of the two pairs of switches of the charge pump to work complementarily, and configured to keep one of the two capacitors electrically coupled between the input node and the output node, and to keep the other one of the two capacitors electrically coupled between the output node and the reference ground. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The charge pump of claim 8, wherein the control circuit comprises: a judging circuit, configured to provide a mode signal by comparing the output voltage of the charge pump with a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage via a hysteretic comparison; and a logic circuit, configured to provide the first control signal and the second control signal based on the mode signal, wherein the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal flip in response to transiting from a first status to a second status of the mode signal, and wherein the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal maintain in response to transiting from the second status to the first status of the mode signal. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The charge pump of claim 9, further comprising: a clock pulse generating circuit, configured to provide a clock pulse signal comprising a plurality of continuous pulses based on the second status of the mode signal; wherein the control circuit flips the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal in response to the plurality of continuous pulses of the clock pulse signal or the transiting from the first status to the second status of the mode signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The charge pump of claim 10, wherein the logic circuit comprises: a rising edge detection circuit, comprising an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal of the rising edge detection circuit is configured to receive the mode signal, and the rising edge detection circuit is configured to detect rising edges of the mode signal; a first OR gate, comprising a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal of the OR gate is coupled to the output terminal of the rising edge detection circuit, and the second input terminal of the first OR gate is configured to receive the clock pulse signal; and a D flip-flop, comprising an input terminal, a clock terminal, an output terminal, and an inverting output terminal, wherein the input terminal and the inverting output terminal of the D flip-flop are coupled together, the clock terminal of the D flip-flop is coupled to the output terminal of the first OR gate, and the D flip-flop is configured to provide the first control signal at its output terminal, and to provide the second control signal via a second inverter. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The charge pump of claim 10, wherein the clock pulse generating circuit comprises: a second current source, comprising a supply terminal and an output terminal; a second switch, comprising a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second switch is coupled to the output terminal of the second current source, and the control terminal of the second switch is configured to receive the mode signal; a second OR gate, comprising a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal of the second OR gate is configured to receive an inverted signal of the mode signal via a third inverter, and the second input terminal of the second OR gate is configured to receive the clock pulse signal; a third switch, comprising a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the third switch is coupled to the second terminal of the second switch, the second terminal of the third switch is coupled to the reference ground, and the control terminal of the third switch is coupled to the output terminal of the second OR gate; a clock capacitor, coupled between the first terminal of the third switch and the reference ground; and a comparator, comprising a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is coupled to the first terminal of the third switch, the inverting input terminal of the comparator is configured to receive a reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator is configured to provide the clock pulse signal via a buffer. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The charge pump of claim 9, wherein the judging circuit comprises: a resistor, comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the resistor is configured to receive a difference between one half of an input voltage of the charge pump and an offset voltage; a hysteresis comparator, comprising a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the non-inverting input terminal of the hysteresis comparator is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor, the inverting input terminal of the hysteresis comparator is configured to receive the output voltage of the charge pump, and the output terminal of the hysteresis comparator is configured to provide the mode signal at its output terminal; a first current source, comprising a supply terminal and an output terminal, wherein the supply terminal of the first current source is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor; and a first switch, comprising a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first switch is coupled to the output terminal of the first current source, the second terminal of the first switch is coupled to the reference ground, and the control terminal of the first switch is coupled to the output terminal of the hysteresis comparator via a first inverter. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The charge pump of claim 8, wherein: when the output voltage decreases to be smaller than the first threshold voltage, the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal flip; and when the output voltage increases to be larger than the second threshold voltage, the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal maintain. ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) The charge pump of claim 8, wherein the control circuit is capable of controlling the charge pump to provide the output voltage having a peak value larger than half of the input voltage. ### Claim 16 A control method for a charge pump, wherein the charge pump comprises two bridge arms coupled in parallel between an input node which receives an input voltage and a reference ground, and two capacitors corresponding to the two bridge arms, each of the two bridge arms having two pairs of switches coupled in series through an output node to provide an output voltage, and each of the two pairs of switches having two switches coupled in series through a common node of the corresponding bridge arm, and wherein one of the two capacitors is connected between the two common nodes of one of the two bridge arms, and the other one of the two capacitors is connected between the two common nodes of the other one of the two bridge arms, the control method comprising: providing a mode signal by comparing an output voltage of the charge pump with a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage via a hysteretic comparison; flipping logic states of a first control signal and a second control signal in response to transiting from a first status to a second status of the mode signal, wherein the first control signal and the second control signal have opposite logic states to control each of the two pairs of switches of the charge pump to work complementarily; and maintaining the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal in response to transiting from the second status to the first status of the mode signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The control method of claim 16, further comprising: controlling one of the two capacitors electrically coupled between the input node and the output node, and controlling the other one of the two capacitors electrically coupled between the output node and the reference ground. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The control method of claim 17, further comprising: providing a clock pulse signal comprising a plurality of continuous pulses based on the second status of the mode signal; and flipping the logic states of the first control signal and the second control signal in response to the plurality of continuous pulses of the clock pulse signal or the transiting from a first status to a second status of the mode signal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The control method of claim 16, wherein: when the output voltage decreases to be smaller than the first threshold voltage, the mode signal transits from the first status to the second status; and when the output voltage increases to be larger than the second threshold voltage, the mode signal transits from the second status to the first status. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The control method of claim 16, further comprising: controlling the charge pump to provide the output voltage having a peak value larger than half of the input voltage.