# US 12,184,111 B2 · Frequency management for wireless power transfer > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,184,111 B2 - Document ID: US12184111B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/154,383 - Filed: 2023-01-13 - Published: 2023-06-01 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2021-09-23 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Ye Li; Antoin J. Russell; Stephen C. Terry; Adam L. Schwartz; Sumant Ranganathan; Gianpaolo Lisi - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184111B2 ## CPC - H02J 7/927: {with introduction of pulses during the charging process} - H02J 50/12: of the resonant type - H02J 50/70: involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields - H02J 50/80: involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY ## Abstract A wireless power transmitter can include a coil, an inverter coupled to the coil, and control circuitry coupled to the inverter that, responsive to receiving a burst request pulse from a wireless power receiver, initiates inverter operation, driving the coil and powering the receiver. The control circuitry can operate inverter switches so bandwidth of the wireless power transfer signal falls within a specified range by: (a) extending a minimum on time of the switches, (b) modifying pulse width modulation (PWM) drive signals supplied to the switches to shape a coil current burst envelope, and/or (c) modifying PWM signal amplitude supplied to the switches. Modifying the PWM drive signals can include using a symmetrical PWM scheme in which the positive and negative pulses are symmetrical in width on a cycle-by-cycle basis or using a complementary PWM scheme in which the positive and negative pulse widths are complementary on a cycle-by-cycle basis. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A wireless power transmitter comprising: a wireless power transfer coil; an inverter coupled to the wireless power transfer coil; and control circuitry coupled to the inverter that, responsive to receiving a request from a wireless power receiver, initiates operation of the inverter to drive the wireless power transfer coil, thereby delivering a wireless power transfer signal to the wireless power receiver; wherein the control circuitry operates one or more switching devices of the inverter to deliver the wireless power transfer signal to the wireless power receiver, wherein bandwidth of the wireless power transfer signal is controlled to fall within a specified bandwidth range by extending a minimum on time of each pulse of the one or more switching devices during operation of the inverter. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 wherein the control circuitry operates one or more switching devices of the inverter to deliver power to the wireless power receiver such that the bandwidth of the wireless power transfer signal falls within the specified bandwidth range by modifying drive signals supplied to the switching devices to shape a coil current burst envelope. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The wireless power transmitter of claim 2 wherein the control circuitry modifies the drive signals supplied to the switching devices to shape the coil current burst envelope using a symmetrical pulse width modulation switching scheme in which the inverter-generated positive and negative pulses are symmetrical in width on a cycle-by-cycle basis. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The wireless power transmitter of claim 2 wherein the control circuitry modifies drive signals supplied to the switching devices to shape the coil current burst envelope using a complementary pulse width modulation switching scheme in which the inverter-generated positive and negative pulse widths are complementary on a cycle-by-cycle basis. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 wherein the control circuitry operates one or more switching devices of the inverter to deliver power to the wireless power receiver such that the bandwidth of the wireless power transfer signal falls within the specified bandwidth range by modifying an amplitude of pulse width modulation signals supplied to the switching devices. ### Claim 6 A method of operating a wireless power transmitter in a burst mode, the method comprising: receiving a request from a wireless power receiver; responsive to the request, operating one or more switching devices of the transmitter during an on time; and subsequent to the on time, idling the one or more switching devices during an off time; wherein operating one or more switching devices of the transmitter during an on time comprises operating the one or more switching devices to constrain electromagnetic emissions from the wireless power transmitter within a specified bandwidth range by extending a minimum on time of each pulse of the one or more switching devices during operation. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 wherein operating the one or more switching devices to constrain electromagnetic emissions from the wireless power transmitter within the specified bandwidth range comprises modifying drive signals supplied to the switching devices to shape a coil current burst envelope. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7 wherein modifying the drive signals supplied to the switching devices to shape the coil current burst envelope comprises using a symmetrical pulse width modulation switching scheme in which the inverter-generated positive and negative pulses are symmetrical in width on a cycle-by-cycle basis. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7 wherein modifying the drive signals supplied to the switching devices to shape the coil current burst envelope comprises using a complementary pulse width modulation switching scheme in which the inverter-generated positive and negative pulse widths are complementary on a cycle-by-cycle basis. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7 wherein modifying the drive signals supplied to the switching devices to shape a coil current burst envelope comprises modifying an amplitude of pulse width modulation signals supplied to the switching devices. ### Claim 11 A wireless power transmitter comprising: a wireless power transfer coil; an inverter comprising a plurality of switching devices coupled to the wireless power transfer coil; and control circuitry that drives the plurality of switching devices; to cause a frequency bandwidth of a wireless power transfer signal to fall within a predetermined range by extending a minimum on time of each pulse of the plurality of switching devices during operation of the inverter. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The wireless power transmitter of claim 11 wherein the control circuitry employs a symmetrical pulse width modulation scheme to shape a burst current envelope such that the frequency bandwidth of the wireless power transfer signal falls within the predetermined range. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The wireless power transmitter of claim 12 wherein the symmetrical pulse width modulation scheme includes generating positive and negative pulses that are symmetrical in width on a cycle-by-cycle basis. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The wireless power transmitter of claim 11 wherein the control circuitry employs a complementary pulse width modulation scheme to shape a burst current envelope such that the frequency bandwidth of the wireless power transfer signal falls within the predetermined range. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The wireless power transmitter of claim 14 wherein the complementary pulse width modulation scheme includes generating positive and negative pulses having complementary widths on a cycle-by-cycle basis. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The wireless power transmitter of claim 11 wherein the control circuitry employs an amplitude modulation scheme to shape a burst current envelope such that the frequency bandwidth of the wireless power transfer signal falls within the predetermined range.