# US 12,184,084 B2 · Systems and methods for dynamically tuning a wireless power transfer system

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- Number: US 12,184,084 B2
- Document ID: US12184084B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/778,704
- Filed: 2024-07-19
- Published: 2024-11-07
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2020-01-03
- Assignees: NuCurrent, Inc.
- Applicants: NuCurrent, Inc.
- Inventors: Alberto Peralta; Pavel Shostak; Jim Crnkovic
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184084B2

## CPC

- H02J 50/20: using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J 7/02: for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J 7/34: Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering (H02J7/14 takes precedence)
- H02J 50/005: {Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices}
- H02J 50/12: of the resonant type
- H02J 50/30: using light, e.g. lasers
- H02J 50/60: responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
- H02J 50/80: involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY

## Abstract

A wireless power transmission system includes a voltage regulator, an inverter, a capacitor circuit, an antenna, and a controller. The inverter receives a first alternating current (AC) signal that has a configurable frequency and produces a configurable supply voltage. The inverter produces a second AC signal based on the first AC signal and the configurable supply voltage. The second AC signal has the configurable frequency and a configurable power level that corresponds to the configurable supply voltage. The capacitor circuit includes two or more capacitors and is configured to, based on a configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors, tune the second AC signal with the bank of two or more capacitors and thereby produce a third AC signal. The controller is configured to define the configurable frequency, define the level of the configurable supply voltage, and define the configuration state.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A wireless power transmitter comprising:
a voltage regulator that is operable to (i) receive a first control signal that indicates a configurable voltage level of a supply voltage signal and (ii) produce the supply voltage signal in accordance with the first control signal;
an inverter that is operable to (i) receive a drive signal having a configurable frequency, (ii) receive the supply voltage signal, and (iii) based on the drive signal and the supply voltage signal, produce a first AC signal having the configurable frequency and a configurable power level that corresponds to the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal;
a capacitor circuit that comprises a bank of two or more capacitors and is operable to (i) receive the first AC signal, (ii) receive a second control signal that indicates a configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors, (iii) configure the bank of two or more capacitors in accordance with the second control signal, and (iv) tune the first AC signal with the bank of two or more capacitors and thereby produce a second AC signal;
a transmission antenna that is operable to (i) receive the second AC signal and (ii) based on the second AC signal, produce a wireless power signal for receipt by at least one receiver antenna of at least one wireless power receiver; and
at least one controller comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium; and
executable code stored on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
define the configurable frequency of the drive signal;
define the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal;
define the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors;
provide the first control signal to the voltage regulator that indicates the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal; and
provide the second control signal to the capacitor circuit that indicates the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller further comprises executable code stored on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
provide the drive signal having the configurable frequency to the inverter.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the configurable frequency of the drive signal is selected from a set of different operating frequencies comprising at least a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 3, wherein:
the first operating frequency is a frequency within a given frequency range of about 110 kilohertz (kHz) to about 205 kHz; and
the second operating frequency is a frequency that is outside of the given frequency range.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 4, wherein the frequency that is outside of the given frequency range comprises a frequency that is higher than the given frequency range.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the capacitor circuit further comprises switching circuitry for controlling a connection state of at least a subset of the two or more capacitors in the bank.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 6, wherein the switching circuitry comprises at least (i) a first switch for controlling a connection state of at least a first capacitor in the bank and (ii) a second switch for controlling a connection state of at least a second capacitor in the bank.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 7, wherein the capacitor circuit is operable to configure the bank of two or more capacitors in accordance with the second control signal by switching one or both of the first switch or the second switch in order to place the bank of two or more capacitors into the configuration state indicated by the second control signal.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the capacitor circuit serves as an impedance matching circuit.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1,
wherein the executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to define the configurable frequency of the drive signal comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
define the configurable frequency of the drive signal to be a first frequency; and
wherein the at least one controller further comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
detect a trigger event for changing the configurable frequency of the drive signal; and
in response to detecting the trigger event, cause the configurable frequency of the drive signal to be changed from the first frequency to a second frequency.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1,
wherein the executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to define the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
define the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal to be a first voltage level; and
wherein the at least one controller further comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
detect a trigger event for changing the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal; and
in response to detecting the trigger event, provide a third control signal to the voltage regulator to indicate that the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal is to be changed to a second voltage level.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1,
wherein the executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to define the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
define the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors to be a first configuration state; and
wherein the at least one controller further comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
detect a trigger event for changing the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors; and
in response to detecting the trigger event, provide a third control signal to the capacitor circuit to indicate that the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors is to be changed to a second configuration state.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1,
wherein the executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to define the configurable frequency of the drive signal comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
define the configurable frequency of the drive signal to be a first frequency;
wherein the executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to define the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
define the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors to be a first configuration state; and
wherein the at least one controller further comprises executable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
detect a trigger event for changing both the configurable frequency of the drive signal and the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors; and
in response to detecting the trigger event, (i) cause the configurable frequency of the drive signal to be changed from the first frequency to a second frequency and (ii) provide a third control signal to the capacitor circuit to indicate that the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors is to be changed to a second configuration state.

### Claim 14

A method of operating a wireless power transmitter comprising (i) a voltage regulator, (ii) an inverter, (iii) a capacitor circuit comprising a bank of two or more capacitors, and (iv) a transmission antenna, the method comprising:
defining a configurable frequency of a drive signal;
defining a configurable voltage level of a supply voltage signal;
defining a configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors;
providing, to the voltage regulator, a first control signal that indicates the configurable voltage level of a supply voltage, wherein the voltage regulator functions to (i) receive the first control signal and (ii) produce the supply voltage signal in accordance with the first control signal;
providing, to the inverter, the drive signal having the configurable frequency and the supply voltage signal, wherein the inverter functions to (i) receive the drive signal having the configurable frequency, (ii) receive the supply voltage signal, and (iii) based on the drive signal and the supply voltage signal, produce a first AC signal having the configurable frequency and a configurable power level that corresponds to the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal;
providing, to the capacitor circuit, the first AC signal and a second control signal that indicates the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors, wherein the capacitor circuit functions to (i) receive the first AC signal, (ii) receive the second control signal, (iii) configure the bank of two or more capacitors in accordance with the second control signal, and (iv) tune the first AC signal with the bank of two or more capacitors and thereby produce a second AC signal; and
providing the second AC signal to the transmission antenna, wherein the transmission antenna functions to (i) receive the second AC signal and (ii) based on the second AC signal, produce a wireless power signal for receipt by at least one receiver antenna of at least one wireless power receiver.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein defining the configurable frequency of the drive signal comprises defining the configurable frequency of the drive signal to be a first frequency, the method further comprising:
detecting a trigger event for changing the configurable frequency of the drive signal; and
in response to detecting the trigger event, causing the configurable frequency of the drive signal to be changed from the first frequency to a second frequency.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein defining the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal comprises defining the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal to be a first voltage level, the method further comprising:
detecting a trigger event for changing the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal; and
in response to detecting the trigger event, providing a third control signal to the voltage regulator to indicate that the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal is to be changed to a second voltage level.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein defining the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors comprises defining the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors to be a first configuration state, the method further comprising:
detecting a trigger event for changing the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors; and
in response to detecting the trigger event, providing a third control signal to the capacitor circuit to indicate that the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors is to be changed to a second configuration state.

### Claim 18 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the capacitor circuit further comprises (i) a first switch for controlling a connection state of at least a first capacitor in the bank and (ii) a second switch for controlling a connection state of at least a second capacitor in the bank, and wherein the capacitor circuit functions to configure the bank of two or more capacitors in accordance with the second control signal by switching one or both of the first switch or the second switch in order to place the bank of two or more capacitors into the configuration state indicated by the second control signal.

### Claim 19

A wireless power transmitter comprising:
a voltage regulator that is operable to (i) receive a first control signal that indicates a configurable voltage level of a supply voltage signal and (ii) produce the supply voltage signal in accordance with the first control signal;
an inverter that is operable to (i) receive drive signal having a configurable frequency, (ii) receive the supply voltage signal, and (iii) based on the drive signal and the supply voltage signal, produce a first AC signal having the configurable frequency and a configurable power level that corresponds to the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal;
a capacitor circuit comprising a bank of two or more capacitors, a first switch for controlling a connection state of at least a first capacitor in the bank, and a second switch for controlling a connection state of at least a second capacitor in the bank, wherein the capacitor circuit is operable to (i) receive the first AC signal, (ii) receive a second control signal that indicates a configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors, (iii) configure the bank of two or more capacitors in accordance with the second control signal by switching one or both of the first switch or the second switch in order to place the bank of two or more capacitors into the configuration state indicated by the second control signal, and (iv) tune the first AC signal with the bank of two or more capacitors and thereby produce a second AC signal,
a transmission antenna that is operable to (i) receive the second AC signal and (ii) based on the second AC signal, produce a wireless power signal for receipt by at least one receiver antenna of at least one wireless power receiver; and
at least one controller comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium; and
executable code stored on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
define the configurable frequency of the drive signal by selecting the configurable frequency from a set of different operating frequencies comprising at least a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency;
define the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal;
define the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors;
provide the drive signal having the configurable frequency to the inverter;
provide the first control signal to the voltage regulator that indicates the configurable voltage level of the supply voltage signal; and
provide the second control signal to the capacitor circuit that indicates the configuration state of the bank of two or more capacitors.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 19, wherein:
the first operating frequency is a frequency within a given frequency range of about 110 kilohertz (kHz) to about 205 kHz; and
the second operating frequency is a frequency that is higher than the given frequency range.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, further comprising executable code stored on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
determine one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter; and
send a communication to the at least one wireless power receiver that is (i) based on the determined one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter and (ii) utilized by the at least one wireless power receiver to set a power level of an output delivered to a load of the at least one wireless power receiver.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 21, wherein the determined one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter comprise an indication of an output voltage of the inverter.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 22, wherein the communication sent to the at least one wireless power receiver is further based on a prior communication received from the at least one wireless power receiver that is related to setting the power level of the output delivered to the load of the at least one wireless power receiver.

### Claim 24 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter; and
sending a communication to the at least one wireless power receiver that (i) based on the determined one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter and (ii) utilized by the at least one wireless power receiver to set a power level of an output delivered to a load of the at least one wireless power receiver.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the determined one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter comprise an indication of an output voltage of the inverter.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The method of claim 25, wherein the communication sent to the at least one wireless power receiver is further based on a prior communication received from the at least one wireless power receiver that is related to setting the power level of the output delivered to the load of the at least one wireless power receiver.

### Claim 27 (depends on 19)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 19, further comprising executable code stored on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one controller to:
determine one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter; and
send a communication to the at least one wireless power receiver that is (i) based on the determined one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter and (ii) utilized by the at least one wireless power receiver to set a power level of an output delivered to a load of the at least one wireless power receiver.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 27, wherein the determined one or more operating characteristics of the wireless power transmitter comprise an indication of an output voltage of the inverter.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The wireless power transmitter of claim 28, wherein the communication sent to the at least one wireless power receiver is further based on a prior communication received from the at least one wireless power receiver that is related to setting the power level of the output delivered to the load of the at least one wireless power receiver.