# US 12,184,077 B2 · Convertible transfer switch

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- Number: US 12,184,077 B2
- Document ID: US12184077B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/047,842
- Filed: 2022-10-19
- Published: 2024-04-25
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2022-10-19
- Assignees: ABB Schweiz AG
- Applicants: ABB Schweiz AG
- Inventors: Veerakumar Bose; Thomas Anthony Kendzia, III
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12184077B2

## CPC

- H02J 3/0073: by providing alternative feeding paths when the main path fails
- H02J 3/388: Arrangements for the handling of islanding, e.g. for disconnection or for avoiding the disconnection of power
- H02J 3/0012: characterised by the contingency detection means in AC networks, e.g. using phasor measurement units [PMU], synchrophasors or contingency analysis
- H02J 3/007: Arrangements for selectively connecting one or more loads to one or more power sources or power lines
- H02J 3/44: with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
- H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators}
- H02J 3/42: with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
- H02J 9/062: {for AC powered loads}
- H02J 2101/20: Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY

## Abstract

A system and a method for connecting electrical load(s) to a first power source and a second power source including a switching device and a controller. The switching device includes a first semiconductor device pair and a second semiconductor device pair. The controller configured to receive a first set of electronic signals corresponding to a condition of the first power source and the second power source, isolate the first power source or the second power source from the one or more loads by transmitting a first set of control signals to the switching device, receive a second set of electronic signals corresponding to the condition of the first power source and the second power source, and connect the first power source or the second power source to the one or more loads by transmitting a second set of control signals to the switching device.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system comprising:
a switching device configured to connect one or more loads to a first power source and a second power source, the switching device including:
a first semiconductor device pair, and
a second semiconductor device pair, and
a controller electrically communicable with the switching device and configured to:
receive a first set of electronic signals corresponding to a condition of the first power source and the second power source,
isolate one of the first power source and the second power source from the one or more loads by transmitting a first set of control signals to the switching device to control the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair, the first set of control signals being based on determining a fault condition at either the first power source or the second power source,
receive a second set of electronic signals corresponding to the condition of the first power source and the second power source,
determine, based on the second set of electronic signals, a voltage, frequency, and/or phase of the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source is synchronized with an other of the first power source and the second power source, and
connect the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source to the one or more loads by transmitting a second set of control signals to the switching device to control the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair, the second set of control signals being based on determining a clearing of the fault condition at the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source,
wherein each of the first set of electronic signals and the second set of electronic signals comprise the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the first power source and the second power source,
wherein the isolated first power source or isolated second power source is connected to the one or more loads and the other of the first power source and the second power source when the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the isolated first power source or isolated second power source is within a predetermined range of the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the other of the first power source and the second power source; and
wherein the controller is configured to operate the switching device in a grid-tied switching mode to simultaneously connect the one or more electrical loads to the first power source and the second power source;
wherein the first power source is a grid power source and the second power source is a distributed generation power source, and the grid power source, when connected to the distributed generation power source, is configured to receive power from the distributed generation power source that exceeds a requirement of the one or more loads.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein isolating the first power source or the second power source from the one or more loads by transmitting the first set of control signals to the switching device further comprises:
control a switching operation of the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair to isolate the one or more loads from the first power source or the second power source in response to the first set of control signals,
wherein the first set of control signals is configured to operate the switching device in a static transfer switching mode.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein connecting the first power source or the second power source to the one or more loads by transmitting the second set of control signals to the switching device further comprises:
control a switching operation of the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair to connect the one or more loads to the isolated first power source or isolated second power source in response to the second set of control signals;
wherein the second set of control signals is configured to operate the switching device in the grid-tied switching mode.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
align the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair to connect the second power source to the one or more loads and the first power source.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor device pair comprises a first semiconductor device and a second semiconductor device arranged in an anti-parallel configuration;
wherein the second semiconductor device pair comprises a third semiconductor device and a fourth semiconductor device arranged in an anti-parallel configuration.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein each semiconductor device of the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair comprises a thyristor.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein the switching device further comprises:
one or more switches,
wherein the one or more switches are configured to electrically isolate and bypass the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system according to claim 7, wherein the one or more switches at the switching device further comprises:
a first switch disposed between the first power source and the first semiconductor device pair,
a second switch disposed between the second power source and the second semiconductor device pair, and
a common node connecting the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair to the one or more loads.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system according to claim 8, wherein the one or more switches at the switching device further comprises:
a third switch disposed between the common node and the one or more loads,
a fourth switch disposed between the common node and the one or more loads parallel to the third switch,
a fifth switch disposed between the first power source and the one or more loads, and
a sixth switch disposed between the second power source and the one or more loads.

### Claim 10

A method comprising:
receiving, by a controller, a first set of electronic signals corresponding to a condition of a first power source and a second power source;
isolating, by the controller, one of the first power source and the second power source from one or more loads by transmitting a first set of control signals to a switching device, the first set of control signals based on determining a fault condition at either the first power source or the second power source;
receiving, by the controller, a second set of electronic signals corresponding to the condition of the first power source and the second power source; and
determining, by the controller, a voltage, frequency, and/or phase of an isolated first power source or isolated second power source is synchronized with an other of the first power source and the second power source;
connecting, by the controller, the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source to the one or more loads by transmitting a second set of control signals to the switching device, the second set of control signals based on determining a clearing of the fault condition at the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source;
wherein each of the first set of electronic signals and the second set of electronic signals comprises the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the first power source and the second power source;
wherein the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source is connected to the one or more loads and the other of the first power source and the second power source when the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source is within a predetermined range of the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the other of the first power source and the second power source; and
wherein the controller is further configured to operate the switching device in a grid-tied switching mode to simultaneously connect the one or more loads to the first power source and the second power source;
wherein the first power source is a grid power source and the second power source is a distributed generation power source, and the grid power source, when connected to the distributed generation power source, is configured to receive power from the distributed generation power source that exceeds a requirement of the one or more loads.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein isolating, by the controller, the first power source or the second power source from the one or more loads by transmitting the first set of control signals to the switching device further comprises:
controlling, by the controller, a switching operation of a first semiconductor device pair and a second semiconductor device pair to isolate the one or more loads from the first power source or the second power source in response to the first set of control signals,
wherein the first set of control signals is configured to operate the switching device in a static transfer switching mode.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein connecting, by the controller, the first power source or the second power source to the one or more loads by transmitting the second set of control signals to the switching device further comprises:
controlling, by the controller, a switching operation of a first semiconductor device pair and a second semiconductor device pair to connect the one or more loads to the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source in response to the second set of control signals,
wherein the second set of control signals is configured to operate the switching device in the grid-tied switching mode.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
aligning, by the controller, a first semiconductor device pair and a second semiconductor device pair of the switching device to connect the second power source to the one or more loads and the first power source.

### Claim 14

A controller electrically communicable with a switching device, the switching device including a first semiconductor device pair and a second semiconductor device pair, the controller comprising a processor configured to:
receive a first set of electronic signals corresponding to a condition of a first power source and a second power source;
isolate one of the first power source and the second power source from one or more loads by transmitting a first set of control signals to the switching device, the first set of control signals based on determining a fault condition at either the first power source or the second power source;
receive a second set of electronic signals corresponding to the condition of the first power source and the second power source;
determine a voltage, frequency, and/or phase of an isolated first power source or isolated second power source is synchronized with an other of the first power source and the second power source;
connect the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source to the one or more loads by transmitting a second set of control signals to the switching device, the second set of control signals based on determining a clearing of the fault condition at the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source; and
wherein each of the first set of electronic signals and the second set of electronic signals comprise the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the first power source and the second power source;
wherein the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source is connected to the one or more loads and an other of the first power source and the second power source when the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the isolated first power source or isolated second power source is within a predetermined range of the voltage, frequency, and/or phase angle of the other of the first power source and the second power source; and
wherein the controller is further configured to operate the switching device in a grid-tied switching mode to simultaneously connect the one or more electrical loads to the first power source and the second power source;
wherein the first power source is a grid power source and the second power source is a distributed generation power source, and the grid power source, when connected to the distributed generation power source, is configured to receive power from the distributed generation power source that exceeds a requirement of the one or more loads.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The controller according to claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to:
control a switching operation of the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair to isolate the one or more loads from the first power source or the second power source in response to the first set of control signals,
wherein the first set of control signals is configured to operate the switching device in a static transfer switching mode.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The controller according to claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to:
control a switching operation of the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair to connect the one or more loads to the isolated first power source or the isolated second power source in response to the second set of control signals;
wherein the second set of control signals is configured to operate the switching device in the grid-tied switching mode.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The controller according to claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to:
align the first semiconductor device pair and the second semiconductor device pair to connect the second power source to the one or more loads and the first power source.