# US 12,183,978 B2 · Radar system comprising two back-to-back positioned radar antenna modules, and a radar system holding an antenna module with cavity slotted-waveguide antenna arrays for radiating and receiving radar wave signals > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,183,978 B2 - Document ID: US12183978B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/524,731 - Filed: 2023-11-30 - Published: 2024-03-28 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2018-05-01 - Assignees: Robin Radar Facilities BV - Applicants: Robin Radar Facilities BV - Inventors: Siete Hamminga; Rob Van Der Meer - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12183978B2 ## CPC - H01Q 21/005: {Slotted waveguides arrays} - G01S 7/02: of systems according to group G01S13/00 - G01S 13/426: {Scanning radar, e.g. 3D radar (G01S13/66 takes precedence)} - G01S 13/88: Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications (electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00) - H01Q 1/525: {between emitting and receiving antennas} - H01Q 3/04: for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation - H01Q 25/005: {providing two patterns of opposite direction; back to back antennas (H01Q25/004 takes precedence)} - G01S 7/027: {Constructional details of housings, e.g. form, type, material or ruggedness} - G01S 13/34: using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES ## Abstract A radar system includes antenna modules that have a first planar slotted waveguide antenna array configured for radiating electromagnetic waves, and a second planar slotted waveguide antenna array configured for receiving electromagnetic waves. A rotation system is configured for supporting and rotating the antenna modules around a vertical axis, with the antenna modules arranged in a back-to-back position on opposite sides of a plane intersecting the vertical axis of rotation. There is also provided another radar system comprising a first radar antenna module that has a first planar slotted waveguide antenna array configured for radiating electromagnetic waves, and a second planar slotted waveguide antenna array configured for receiving electromagnetic waves, where each of the planar slotted waveguide antenna arrays have several longitudinal extending waveguide columns. The waveguide columns have a front side and a rear side with a plurality of cavity slots on the front side. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A radar system comprising a first radar antenna module comprising: a first planar slotted waveguide antenna array configured for radiating electromagnetic waves, and a second planar slotted waveguide antenna array configured for receiving electromagnetic waves, wherein: each of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array comprises several longitudinal extending waveguide columns disposed in a parallel and adjacent position with respect to one another, said longitudinal extending waveguide columns having a front side and a rear side with a plurality of cavity slots on the front side, and said longitudinal extending waveguide columns further having first column ends and second column ends; the longitudinal extending waveguide columns of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array having an equal internal height and an equal internal width; the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array are arranged with the waveguide columns of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array disposed in a parallel position to the waveguide columns of the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array; the front side of the columns holding the cavity slots of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array are positioned in a first plane and the front side of the columns holding the cavity slots of the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array are positioned in a second plane parallel to said first plane; and the first and second parallel planes are offset with a minimum perpendicular array distance to each other in a direction perpendicular to said first and second parallel planes. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The radar system according to claim 1, wherein said minimum perpendicular array distance is at least 3 times or at least 5 times an internal width of said waveguide columns. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The radar system according to claim 1, wherein front sides of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array face a same direction being a front direction of the first radar antenna module; and wherein the first parallel plane is offset from the second parallel plane by said perpendicular array distance in a direction opposite to said front direction. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The radar system according to claim 1, wherein the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array are positioned at a distance to each other with a longitudinal extending outer sidewall of an outermost waveguide column of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array arranged closest to a longitudinal extending outer sidewall of an outermost waveguide column of the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array, said closest outer sidewalls of the outermost columns of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array positioned with a minimum parallel column distance to each other in a direction parallel to the first parallel plane and the second parallel plane, said minimum parallel column distance being in a range of at least 2 times to at least 15 times an internal width of the waveguide columns. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The radar system according to claim 4, wherein the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array has a first longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall closest to a second longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall of the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array, said first longitudinal extending outermost array side wall and the second longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall positioned with a minimum parallel array distance to each other in a direction parallel to the first and second parallel planes, said minimum parallel array distance being smaller than or equal to the minimum parallel column distance. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The radar system according to claim 5, wherein one or more electromagnetic shield(s) are arranged between the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array; wherein front sides of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array face a same direction being a front direction of the first radar antenna module; wherein at least a part of the one or more electromagnetic shields extends outwards from the front side of the first radar antenna module; wherein the one or more electromagnetic shields comprise a first shield plate and a second shield plate with both the first shield plate and the second shield plate having a first direction of extension and a second direction of extension, the second direction of extension being perpendicular to the first direction of extension; and wherein the first direction of extension is parallel to the longitudinal extending outer sidewall of the outermost waveguide column of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the longitudinal extending outer sidewall of the outermost waveguide column of the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array; wherein the first shield plate has a first outer edge in contact with said first longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second shield plate has a first outer edge in contact with said second longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall of the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array; and wherein the second direction of extension of the first shield plate has a first obtuse angle to the front side of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second direction of extension of the second shield plate has a second obtuse angle to the front side of the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The radar system according to claim 6, wherein the second direction of extension of the first shield plate differs from the second direction of extension of the second shield plate, and wherein the second direction of extension of the first shield plate forms a first acute angle to the second direction of extension of the second shield plate. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The radar system according to claim 6, said system further comprising a rotation system configured for supporting and rotating the first antenna module around a vertical axis, wherein the first radar antenna module is secured to the rotation system with the first planar slotted waveguide antenna and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna positioned with the first plane and the second plane holding a second acute angle to a vertical axis of rotation; and said system further comprising a protective housing in the form of a radome covering said first antenna module; wherein the radome has a cylindrically shaped wall part surrounding the first antenna module, said cylindrically shaped wall part being slightly inclined towards the first antenna module forming a small acute inclination angle to said vertical axis of rotation, said small acute angle being no larger than a range of 3° to and including 10°; and wherein a first shield plate and a second shield plate of the first radar antenna module each have a second outer edge proximate the cylindrically shaped wall part, said second outer edges being curve shaped to follow the interior of the cylindrically shaped wall part. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The radar system according to claim 6, wherein the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array has a second longitudinal extending outer array sidewall opposite to said first longitudinal extending outermost sidewall, and wherein a third shield plate is arranged in contact with said second longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall of the first planar slotted waveguide array, said third shield plate extending outwards from the front side of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array; wherein the third shield plate has a first direction of extension and a second direction of extension, and wherein the first direction of extension of the third shield plate is parallel to the first longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall the second longitudinal extending outermost array sidewall; and wherein the second direction of extension of the third shield plate differs from the second direction of extension of the first shield plate, and wherein the second direction of extension of the third shield plate has a third obtuse angle to the front side of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The radar system according to claim 9, said system further comprising a rotation system configured for supporting and rotating the first antenna module around a vertical axis, wherein the first radar antenna module is secured to the rotation system with the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array positioned with the first plane and the second planes holding a second acute angle to the vertical axis of rotation; and said system further comprising a protective housing in the form of a radome covering said first radar antenna module; wherein the radome has a cylindrically shaped wall part surrounding the first radar antenna module, said cylindrically shaped wall part being slightly inclined towards the first antenna module forming a small acute inclination angle to said vertical axis of rotation, said small acute angle being no larger than 3° to and including 10°; wherein a first shield plate and a second shield plate of the first radar antenna module each have a second outer edge proximate the cylindrically shaped wall part of the radome, said second outer edges being curve shaped to follow the interior of the cylindrically shaped wall part of the radome; and wherein the third shield plate of the first radar antenna module has a second outer edge proximate the cylindrically shaped wall part of the radome, said second outer edge being curve shaped to follow the interior of the cylindrically shaped wall part of the radome. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The radar system according to claim 1, said system further comprising a rotation system configured for supporting and rotating the first radar antenna module around a vertical axis, wherein the first radar antenna module is secured to the rotation system with the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array positioned with the first plane and the second plane holding a second acute angle to the vertical axis of rotation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The radar system according to claim 11, said system further comprising a second radar antenna module being configured and dimensioned equal to the first radar antenna module, said second radar antenna module being supported by the rotation system with the first radar antenna module and the second radar antenna module arranged in a back-to-back position on opposite sides of a plane intersecting the vertical axis of rotation, with a rear side of the longitudinal extending waveguide columns of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array of the first antenna module facing a rear side of longitudinal extending waveguide columns of a first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and a second planar slotted waveguide antenna array of the second antenna module; and wherein the second radar antenna module is secured to the rotation system with its first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and second planar slotted waveguide antenna array positioned with the first plane and the second plane holding the second acute angle to the vertical axis of rotation. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The radar system according to claim 11, wherein one or more electromagnetic shield(s) is/are arranged between the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array; wherein front sides of the first planar slotted waveguide antenna array and the second planar slotted waveguide antenna array face a same direction being a front direction of the first radar antenna module; and wherein at least a part of the one or more electromagnetic shields extends outwards from the front side of the first radar antenna module.