# US 12,183,963 B2 · Device comprising a transition between a waveguide port and two or more coaxial waveguides > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,183,963 B2 - Document ID: US12183963B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/505,572 - Filed: 2021-10-19 - Published: 2022-04-21 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2020-10-19 - Assignees: Optisys, Inc. - Applicants: Optisys, Inc. - Inventors: Michael Hollenbeck; Robert Smith - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12183963B2 ## CPC - H01P 5/12: Coupling devices having more than two ports (H01P5/04 takes precedence) - H01P 3/123: with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides (H01P3/14 takes precedence) - H01P 5/103: Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions - H01Q 21/0037: {linear waveguide fed arrays} - H01Q 21/24: Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction {(circularly polarised patch antennas H01Q9/0428; circularly polarised horns H01Q13/0241; cross-polarised horns H01Q13/0258; polarisation converters H01Q15/242; cross-polarised rear feeds H01Q19/136; crossed polarisation dual antenna H01Q25/001)} - Y02P 10/25: Process efficiency - H01P: WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE (operating at optical frequencies G02B) - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract Improved waveguides, transitions, and conductors for propagating electromagnetic energy. A device includes a waveguide port, two or more coaxial waveguides, and a transition disposed between the waveguide port and the two or more coaxial waveguides. The transition combines or divides electromagnetic energy propagating between the waveguide port and the two or more coaxial waveguides. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A device comprising: a waveguide port; two or more coaxial waveguides; and a transition disposed between the waveguide port and the two or more coaxial waveguides, wherein the transition combines or divides electromagnetic energy; wherein the waveguide port, the two or more coaxial waveguides, and the transition is a single indivisible element manufactured with metal additive manufacturing in a positive z-axis direction relative to a build plate; and wherein the two or more coaxial waveguides are spaced apart from one another with spacing less than or equal to one wavelength of a working frequency of an antenna element. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the transition combines or divides the electromagnetic energy based on a direction of the electromagnetic energy propagating through the device, and wherein: the transition combines the electromagnetic energy propagating from the two or more coaxial waveguides through the transition to the waveguide port; and the transition divides the electromagnetic energy propagating from the waveguide port through the transition to the two or more coaxial waveguides. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the transition is an impedance transition and comprises one or more impedance matching elements. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the transition is an impedance transition and comprises a plurality of impedance matching elements, and wherein two or more of the plurality of impedance matching elements are minor images of one another. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the waveguide port is a hollow waveguide port and is configured to connect to a hollow waveguide configured to propagate the electromagnetic energy. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises an overhang angle measured between two vectors originating from any point on a surface of the device, wherein the two vectors comprise: a vector perpendicular to the surface and pointing into an air volume; and a vector pointing in a negative z-axis relative to the build plate; wherein the overhang angle is from zero degrees to ninety degrees. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the two or more coaxial waveguides are spaced apart from one another with spacing less than or equal to 0.5 wavelengths of the working frequency of the antenna element to allow for an electronic scan over a working bandwidth. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more coaxial waveguides comprises an inner conductor and/or an outer conductor with a rectangular cross-sectional geometry. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more coaxial waveguides comprises an inner conductor and/or an outer conductor with an elliptical cross-sectional geometry. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more coaxial waveguides comprises a twin-wire balanced coaxial waveguide inner conductor for feeding a twin-wire balanced coaxial radiating element, wherein the twin-wire balance coaxial radiating element is a component of the antenna element. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the twin-wire balanced coaxial waveguide inner conductor comprises a twin coaxial wire in a helical twist formation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the two or more coaxial waveguides are orthogonal relative to one another such that a first coaxial waveguide port is oriented in a first orientation and a second coaxial waveguide port is oriented in a second orientation, and wherein the second orientation is orthogonal to the first orientation. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more coaxial waveguides comprises two inner conductor wires, and wherein the two inner conductor wires comprise a helical twist formation. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the helical twist formation of the two inner conductor wires rotates the two inner conductor wires to an orthogonal orientation such that a first end of the two inner conductor wires is orthogonal relative to a second end of the two inner conductor wires. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, further comprising a hollow dual ridge waveguide in electromagnetic communication with the waveguide port and the transition, wherein the hollow dual ridge waveguide comprises a taper to support transition of the electromagnetic energy from the hollow dual ridge waveguide to the transition. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the transition operates in one or more of an E-plane or an H-plane of a radiating element, wherein the radiating element is a component of the antenna element. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the two or more coaxial waveguides are configured to receive the electromagnetic energy from a radiating element of the antenna element, and wherein the transition is configured to transition the electromagnetic energy from the radiating element of the antenna element to a low loss passive hollow waveguide combiner. ### Claim 18 A device comprising: a waveguide port; two or more coaxial waveguides; and a transition disposed between the waveguide port and the two or more coaxial waveguides, wherein the transition combines or divides electromagnetic energy; wherein the transition is configured to transition the electromagnetic energy from a TE10 mode of a hollow ridge waveguide to a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode of the two or more coaxial waveguides. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The device of claim 18, wherein the hollow ridge waveguide is a hollow single ridge waveguide. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The device of claim 18, wherein the hollow ridge waveguide is a hollow dual ridge waveguide. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The device of claim 18, wherein the waveguide port, the two or more coaxial waveguides, and the transition is a single indivisible element manufactured with metal additive manufacturing in a positive z-axis direction relative to a build plate.