# US 12,183,895 B2 · Secondary carbon battery

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- Number: US 12,183,895 B2
- Document ID: US12183895B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/877,921
- Filed: 2022-07-30
- Published: 2024-02-01
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2022-07-30
- Applicants: Andrei A. Gakh
- Inventors: Andrei A. Gakh
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12183895B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/38: Construction or manufacture
- H01M 4/0447: {of complete cells or cells stacks}
- H01M 4/583: Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M 4/587: for inserting or intercalating light metals
- H01M 4/663: {containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres}
- H01M 10/4214: {Arrangements for moving electrodes or electrolyte}
- H01M 50/609: Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- H01M 2300/0002: Aqueous electrolytes
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Secondary carbon batteries are attractive from an environmental perspective, as they have carbon-only electrodes and are therefore metal-free. Current invention refers to novel secondary carbon batteries with water-based brine electrolytes. These electrolytes have low toxicity, are not flammable, and allow for easy on-site battery recycling. The inventive carbon batteries feature graphite current collectors, activated carbon electrodes, and aqueous eutectic electrolytes comprising NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2). Further improvement of the batteries is performed by an initial repetitive charge-discharge cycling with subsequent replacement of the spent electrolyte. The improved secondary carbon batteries with the operating voltage of about 1.8 V can be used for electric storage utilities of renewable energy installations.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A secondary carbon battery comprising only:
two graphite current collectors;
two electrodes comprising porous carbon, where a negative electrode comprising porous carbon has accumulated hydrogen and a positive electrode comprising porous carbon has accumulated oxygen; and
a water-based brine electrolyte, comprising chloride ions.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The secondary carbon battery of claim 1, wherein the porous carbon is activated carbon with a surface area between 1000 and 2000 m2/g.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The secondary carbon battery of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the two electrodes comprising porous carbon is between 2:3 and 3:2.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The secondary carbon battery of claim 1, wherein the water-based brine electrolyte is an aqueous solution of soluble chlorides selected from a group consisting of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2), and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The secondary carbon battery of claim 1, wherein the water-based brine electrolyte is a binary eutectic aqueous solution of one soluble chloride selected from a group consisting of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The secondary carbon battery of claim 1, wherein the water-based brine electrolyte is a ternary eutectic aqueous solution of two soluble chlorides selected from a group consisting of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2.