# US 12,183,120 B2 · Authentication management through IMU and radar > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,183,120 B2 - Document ID: US12183120B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/487,855 - Filed: 2023-10-16 - Published: 2024-05-16 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2019-07-26 - Assignees: Google Inc. - Applicants: Google LLC - Inventors: Alok Chandel; Leonardo Giusti; Artur Tsurkan; Selim Flavio Cinek; Johan Prag; Tyler Reed Kugler; Lucas Dupin Moreira Costa; Vignesh Sachidanandam; Brandon Barbello - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12183120B2 ## CPC - H04W 12/06: Authentication - G01S 7/415: {Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target} - G01S 13/42: Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates (indirect measurement G01S13/46) - G01S 13/56: for presence detection {(presence detection using near field arrangements G01V3/00, e.g. G01V3/08, G01V3/12; burglar, theft or intruder alarms with electrical actuation G08B13/22 - G08B13/26)} - G01S 13/726: {Multiple target tracking} - G01S 13/86: Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder - G01S 13/867: {Combination of radar systems with cameras} - G01S 13/88: Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications (electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00) - G06F 1/3231: Monitoring the presence, absence or movement of users - G06F 3/011: {Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality (blind teaching G09B21/00)} - G06F 3/013: {Eye tracking input arrangements (G06F3/015 takes precedence)} - G06F 3/016: {Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user} - G06F 3/017: {Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures (interaction based on gestures traced on a digitiser G06F3/04883)} - G06F 3/0346: with detection of the device orientation or free movement in a three-dimensional [3D] space, e.g. 3D mice, 6-DOF [six degrees of freedom] pointers using gyroscopes, accelerometers or tilt-sensors - G06F 21/31: User authentication - G06F 21/32: using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints - G06T 7/50: Depth or shape recovery - G06V 40/171: {Local features and components; Facial parts (eye characteristics G06V40/18); Occluding parts, e.g. glasses; Geometrical relationships} - G06V 40/172: {Classification, e.g. identification} - G06V 40/20: Movements or behaviour, e.g. gesture recognition (recognition of facial expressions G06V40/16) - H04L 63/0861: {using biometrical features, e.g. fingerprint, retina-scan (cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using biological data H04L9/3231)} - H04W 12/065: Continuous authentication - H04W 12/08: Access security - H04W 12/68: Gesture-dependent or behaviour-dependent - H04W 52/00: Power management {, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes} - G01P 15/00: Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration - G01P 15/18: in two or more dimensions - G01S 7/038: {Feedthrough nulling circuits} - G01S 7/2813: {Means providing a modification of the radiation pattern for cancelling noise, clutter or interfering signals, e.g. side lobe suppression, side lobe blanking, null-steering arrays (specially adapted to secondary radar systems G01S13/762; aerials or aerials systems H01Q21/29, H01Q25/00)} - G01S 7/2921: {based on data belonging to one radar period} - G01S 7/2923: {based on data belonging to a number of consecutive radar periods} - G01S 13/003: {Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems} - G01S 13/282: {using a frequency modulated carrier wave (G01S13/286 takes precedence)} - G01S 13/44: Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing - G01S 13/584: {adapted for simultaneous range and velocity measurements} - G06F 2200/1637: Sensing arrangement for detection of housing movement or orientation, e.g. for controlling scrolling or cursor movement on the display of an handheld computer - G06T 2207/10028: Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds - H04B 1/3827: Portable transceivers - Y02D 10/00: Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management - Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL - G06V: IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G01P: MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT (measuring or recording blood flow A61B5/02, A61B8/06; monitoring speed or deceleration of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L3/00; vehicle lighting systems adapted to indicate speed B60Q1/54; determining position or course in navigation, measuring ground distance in geodesy or surveying G01C; combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement G01C23/00; measuring velocity of sound G01H; measuring velocity of light G01J7/00; measuring direction or velocity of solid objects by reception or emission of radiowaves or other waves and based on propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, direction of propagation, G01S; measuring speed of nuclear radiation G01T; measuring acceleration of gravity G01V; {measuring or recording the speed of trains B61L23/00; speed indicators incorporated in motor vehicles B60K35/00; measuring frequency or phase G01R; traffic control G08G}) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE ## Abstract This document describes techniques and systems for authentication management through IMU and radar. The techniques and systems use inertial sensor data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and/or radar data to manage authentication for a computing device. By so doing, the techniques conserve power, improve accuracy, or reduce latency relative to many common techniques and systems for computing-device authentication. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: performing an authentication process using an authentication system of a user equipment, the authentication process effective to authenticate a user of the user equipment; maintaining a first level state of the user equipment based on the authentication process, the first level state being an operating state of the user equipment that defines at least one of a first level access state, a first level power state associated with a component of the authentication system of the user equipment, or a first level information state; determining, while in the first level state, a presence of another person other than the user based on radar data received through a radar system associated with the user equipment, the other person being at least one of an unauthenticated person, an unknown person, or an unauthorized person; and responsive to determining the presence of the other person, reducing the first level state of the user equipment to a low-level state, the low-level state being at least one of a low-access state, a low-power state associated with the component of the authentication system, or a low-information state. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first level state is a high-level state, the high-level state being at least one of a high-access state, a high-power state associated with the component of the authentication system, or a high-information state. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein: the high-access state corresponds to an unlocked state of the user equipment and access rights to at least one of data, applications, or accounts of the user equipment; the low-access state corresponds to a locked state of the user equipment and no access rights to at least one of the data, the applications, or the accounts of the user equipment; the high-power state corresponds to a high amount of power to one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system; the low-power state corresponds to a low amount of power to the one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system; the high-information state corresponds to a high amount of information that is presented on a display associated with the user equipment; and the low-information state corresponds to a low amount of information that is presented on the display associated with the user equipment. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first level state is an intermediate-level state, the intermediate-level state being at least one of an intermediate-access state, an intermediate-power state, or an intermediate-information state, the intermediate-level state associated with at least one of higher access rights, a higher amount of power, or a higher amount of information than the low-level state but at least one of lower access rights, a lower amount of power, or a lower amount of information than a high-level state. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein: the intermediate-access state corresponds to an unlocked state of the user equipment and limited access rights to at least one of data, applications, or accounts of the user equipment; the low-access state corresponds to a locked state of the user equipment and no access rights to at least one of the data, the applications, or the accounts of the user equipment; the intermediate-power state corresponds to an amount of power to one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system sufficient to perform authentication; the low-power state corresponds to a low amount of power to one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system; the intermediate-information state corresponds to a limited amount of information that is presented on a display associated with the user equipment; and the low-information state corresponds to a low amount of information that is presented on the display associated with the user equipment. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, based on at least one of radar data received through the radar system associated with the user equipment or image data received through an image sensor integral with the user equipment, an identity of the other person; and determining, responsive to determining the identity of the other person, that the other person does not possess authentication privileges to the user equipment for the first level state, and wherein the other person comprises the unauthorized person. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein determining that the other person does not possess authentication privileges comprises performing a second authentication process, the second authentication process comprising: determining facial features of the other person using reflected signals sensed by at least one of the radar system or the image sensor, the reflected signals including at least one of infrared, near-infrared, or radar reflections of infrared, near-infrared, or radar signals, respectively, provided by one or more emitters associated with the user equipment. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: prior to maintaining the first level state, determining, based on radar data and by the user equipment, an intent to engage, the intent to engage indicating that the user intends to engage with the user equipment, and wherein maintaining the first level state is in response to the determination of the intent to engage. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: maintaining the first level state is based on the user interacting with the user equipment; or maintaining the first level state is based on the user recently interacting with the user equipment. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: prior to reducing the first level state of the user equipment to the low-level state, determining, based on radar data and by the user equipment, an intent to engage, the intent to engage indicating that the other person intends to engage with the user equipment, and wherein reducing the first level state of the user equipment to the low-level state is further in response to the determination of the intent to engage by the other person, and wherein the intent to engage is determined based on the radar data indicating that the other person is reaching toward the user equipment, looking at the user equipment, or moving toward the user equipment. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the component of the authentication system comprises at least one of the following: a display, a computer processor, or an imaging system. ### Claim 12 A user equipment comprising: an authentication system configured to perform an authentication process effective to authenticate a user of the user equipment; a radar system configured to provide a radar field; and a processor and a memory, coupled with the radar system, the processor configured to: maintain a first level state of the user equipment based on the authentication process, the first level state being an operating state of the user equipment that defines at least one of a first access state, a first level power state associated with a component of the authentication system, or a first level information state; determine, while in the first level state, a presence of another person other than the user based on radar data received through a radar system associated with the user equipment, the other person being at least one of an unauthenticated person, an unknown person, or an unauthorized person; and responsive to the determination of the presence of the other person, reduce the first level state of the user equipment to a low-level state, the low-level state being at least one of a low-access state, a low-power state associated with the component of the authentication system, or a low-information state. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The user equipment of claim 12, wherein the first level state is a high-level state, the high-level state being at least one of a high-access state, a high-power state associated with the component of the authentication system, or a high-information state. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The user equipment of claim 13, wherein: the high-access state corresponds to an unlocked state of the user equipment and access rights to at least one of data, applications, or accounts of the user equipment; the low-access state corresponds to a locked state of the user equipment and no access rights to at least one of the data, the applications, or the accounts of the user equipment; the high-power state corresponds to a high amount of power to one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system; the low-power state corresponds to a low amount of power to one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system; the high-information state corresponds to a high amount of information that is presented on a display associated with the user equipment; and the low-information state corresponds to a low amount of information that is presented on the display associated with the user equipment. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The user equipment of claim 12, wherein the first level state is an intermediate-level state, the intermediate-level state being at least one of an intermediate-access state, an intermediate-power state, or an intermediate-information state, the intermediate-level state associated with at least one of higher access rights, a higher amount of power, or a higher amount of information than the low-level state but at least one of lower access rights, a lower amount of power, or a lower amount of information than a high-level state. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The user equipment of claim 15, wherein: the intermediate-access state corresponds to an unlocked state of the user equipment and limited access rights to at least one of data, applications, or accounts of the user equipment; the low-access state corresponds to a locked state of the user equipment and no access rights to at least one of the data, the applications, or the accounts of the user equipment; the intermediate-power state corresponds to an amount of power to one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system sufficient to perform authentication; the low-power state corresponds to a low amount of power to one or more power-consuming components associated with the authentication system; the intermediate-information state corresponds to a limited amount of information that is presented on a display associated with the user equipment; and the low-information state corresponds to a low amount of information that is presented on the display associated with the user equipment. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The user equipment of claim 12, wherein the user equipment further comprises an image sensor integral with the user equipment, and wherein the processor is further configured to: determine, based on at least one of radar data received through the radar system associated with the user equipment or image data received through the image sensor integral with the user equipment, an identity of the other person; and determine, responsive to the determination of the identity of the other person, that the other person does not possess authentication privileges to the user equipment for the first level state, and wherein the other person comprises the unauthorized person. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The user equipment of claim 16, wherein the determination that the other person does not possess authentication privileges comprises performing a second authentication process during which the processor is configured to: determine facial features of the other person using reflected signals sensed by at least one of the radar system or an image sensor, the reflected signals including at least one of infrared, near-infrared, or radar reflections of infrared, near-infrared, or radar signals, respectively, provided by one or more emitters associated with the user equipment. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The user equipment of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to: prior to the maintenance of the first level state, determine, based on radar data and by the user equipment, an intent to engage, the intent to engage indicating that the user intends to engage with the user equipment, and wherein the maintenance of the first level state is in response to the determination of the intent to engage. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The user equipment of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to: prior to the reduction of the first level state of the user equipment to the low-level state, determine, based on radar data and by the user equipment, an intent to engage, the intent to engage indicating that the other person intends to engage with the user equipment, and wherein the reduction of the first level state of the user equipment to the low-level state is further in response to the determination of the intent to engage by the other person.