# US 12,182,869 B2 · Systems and methods for measuring relationships between investments and other variables > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,182,869 B2 - Document ID: US12182869B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/537,434 - Filed: 2021-11-29 - Published: 2022-03-17 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2012-08-31 - Applicants: Sander Gerber - Inventors: Sander Gerber - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12182869B2 ## CPC - G06Q 40/02: Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance (credit or loans G06Q40/03) - G06Q 40/06: Asset management; Financial planning or analysis - G06Q 40/03: Credit; Loans; Processing thereof - G06Q 40/04: Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange - G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract The systems and methods described herein can identify meaningful relationships between variables, such as particular investments or general asset classes. Unlike conventional correlation analysis, these systems and methods provide an improved technique of co-movement analysis that implements a threshold to eliminate data “noise” and then discretizes the remaining observations to normalize any outliers. Such co-movement analysis has numerous advantages over known techniques for characterizing relationships between variables. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: retrieving, by a server, performance data for a plurality of data records within an observation period; for at least one pair of data records within the plurality of data records, determining, by the server, whether a first data record of a pair of data records and a second data record of the pair of data records have a positive union or a negative union based on each instance in which a respective value of the performance data for each data record is above an upper threshold or below a lower threshold for the first data record or the second data record; displaying, by the server on a graphical user interface, a representation of the positive or negative union; and in response to receiving an indication of interaction with the representation of the positive or negative union, dynamically revising, by the server, the graphical user interface by displaying, for the pair of data records, a visual indicator within four regions, wherein: a first region represents positive union with respect to the upper threshold and the lower threshold, a second region represents negative union with respect to the upper threshold and the lower threshold, a third region represents positive union with respect to the lower threshold and negative union with respect to the upper threshold, and a fourth region represents negative union with respect to the lower threshold and positive union with respect to the upper threshold. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: retrieving, by the server, at least one of the observation period, the upper threshold, or the lower threshold from a template that is customized for a user or a portfolio associated with the plurality of data records. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the value of the performance data for each data record corresponds to an index, and wherein the index is selected from the template. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: calculating, by the server, a confidence score for the positive or negative union, the confidence score corresponding to a statistical significance value associated with the performance data analyzed to calculate the positive or negative union. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, further comprising: when the confidence score is below a confidence threshold, dynamically increasing, by the server, a length of the observation period. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, further comprising: determining, by the server, whether the first data record of the pair of data records and the second data record of the pair of data records have a positive union or a negative union in accordance with a second observation period that adjusts a starting time. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein representation of the positive or negative union is an alphanumerical representation or a graphical representation. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the four regions are visually separated in accordance with the upper threshold and the lower threshold. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: calculating, by the server, mean-variance optimized portfolio construction, wherein covariance is based on a relationship between the pair of data records having a positive union or a negative union, wherein the server replaces at least one data record within the plurality of data records with a new data record, wherein the new data record has positive union with the first data record or the second data record; and periodically monitoring, by the server, the performance data for the pair of data records, wherein when at least one of the positive union or the negative union changes, the server re-calculates the mean-variance optimized portfolio construction. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein a fifth region represents performance data associated with data records that are between the upper threshold and the lower threshold. ### Claim 11 A method comprising: retrieving, by a server, at least one of an observation period, an upper threshold, or a lower threshold from a template; for at least one pair of data records within a plurality of data records, determining, by the server, whether a first data record of a pair of data records and a second data record of the pair of data records have a positive union or a negative union based on each instance in which a respective value of a performance data for each data record is above the upper threshold or below the lower threshold for the first data record or the second data record; displaying, by the server on a graphical user interface, for the pair of data records, a visual indicator within four regions, wherein: a first region represents positive union with respect to the upper threshold and the lower threshold, a second region represents negative union with respect to the upper threshold and the lower threshold, a third region represents positive union with respect to the lower threshold and negative union with respect to the upper threshold, and a fourth region represents negative union with respect to the lower threshold and positive union with respect to the upper threshold. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the template is customized for a user or a portfolio associated with the plurality of data records. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the value of the performance data for each data record corresponds to an index, and wherein the index is selected from the template. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein representation of the positive or negative union is an alphanumerical representation or a graphical representation. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the four regions are visually separated in accordance with the upper threshold and the lower threshold. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, further comprising: calculating, by the server, mean-variance optimized portfolio construction, wherein covariance is based on a relationship between the pair of data records having a positive union or a negative union, wherein the server replaces at least one data record within the plurality of data records with a new data record, wherein the new data record has positive union with the first data record or the second data record. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: periodically monitoring, by the server, the performance data for the pair of data records, wherein when at least one of the positive union or the negative union changes, the server re-calculates the mean-variance optimized portfolio construction. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein a fifth region represents performance data associated with data records that are between the upper threshold and the lower threshold. ### Claim 19 A method comprising: retrieving, by a server, performance data for a plurality of data records within an observation period; for at least one pair of data records within the plurality of data records, determining, by the server, whether a first data record of a pair of data records and a second data record of the pair of data records have a positive union or a negative union based on each instance in which a respective value of the performance data for each data record is above an upper threshold or below a lower threshold for the first data record or the second data record; displaying, by the server on a graphical user interface, for the pair of data records, a visual indicator within four regions, wherein: a first region represents positive union with respect to the upper threshold and the lower threshold, a second region represents negative union with respect to the upper threshold and the lower threshold, a third region represents positive union with respect to the lower threshold and negative union with respect to the upper threshold, and a fourth region represents negative union with respect to the lower threshold and positive union with respect to the upper threshold; and dynamically increasing, by the server, a length of the observation period based on a confidence score for the positive or negative union. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the confidence score corresponds to a statistical significance value associated with the performance data analyzed to calculate the positive or negative union. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the server dynamically increases the length of the observation period when the confidence score is below a confidence threshold. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising: determining, by the server, whether the first data record of the pair of data records and the second data record of the pair of data records have a positive union or a negative union in accordance with a second observation period that adjusts a starting time. ### Claim 23 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising: calculating, by the server, mean-variance optimized portfolio construction, wherein covariance is based on a relationship between the pair of data records having a positive union or a negative union, wherein the server replaces at least one data record within the plurality of data records with a new data record, wherein the new data record has positive union with the first data record or the second data record. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, further comprising: periodically monitoring, by the server, the performance data for the pair of data records, wherein when at least one of the positive union or the negative union changes, the server re-calculates the mean-variance optimized portfolio construction. ### Claim 25 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein a fifth region represents performance data associated with data records that are between the upper threshold and the lower threshold.