# US 12,181,996 B2 · Sensor reliability determination > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,181,996 B2 - Document ID: US12181996B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/127,608 - Filed: 2018-09-11 - Published: 2020-03-12 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2018-09-11 - Assignees: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP - Applicants: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP - Inventors: Harvey White, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12181996B2 ## CPC - G05B 19/0428: {Safety, monitoring (G05B19/0423 takes precedence)} - G06F 11/3089: {Monitoring arrangements determined by the means or processing involved in sensing the monitored data, e.g. interfaces, connectors, sensors, probes, agents (software debugging using additional hardware using a specific debug interface G06F11/3656; performance evaluation by tracing or monitoring G06F11/3466)} - G06F 11/3006: {where the computing system is distributed, e.g. networked systems, clusters, multiprocessor systems (multiprogramming arrangements G06F9/46; allocation of resources G06F9/50)} - G05B 2219/25428: Field device - G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G) - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract Examples include receiving a plurality of values of a parameter that is measured by a sensor, determining a sensor rate of change based on the plurality of values, determining a sensor error rate based on the plurality of values, receiving a reading of the parameter, and determining a reliability of the reading based on the sensor rate of change and the sensor error rate. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium for determining whether or not a sensor has been spoofed in a computing environment, the sensor measuring a plurality of values in the computing environment, the machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions, that, when executed, cause a processing resource to: receive the plurality of values associated with a parameter measured by the sensor; determine a sensor rate of change based on the plurality of values, wherein the sensor rate of change is a change in coefficient values between one reading of the parameter and an adjacent-in-time reading of the parameter; determine a sensor error rate based on the plurality of values, wherein the sensor error rate comprises a frequency of error readings expected from the sensor rate of change absent the sensor being spoofed; receive, from the sensor, a reading of the parameter; and determine that the sensor has been spoofed when the reading of the parameter from the sensor corresponds with the sensor rate of change and not the sensor error rate. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, comprising instructions, that when executed, further cause the processing resource to: determine a reading rate of change based on the reading, wherein the determination of whether or not the sensor has been spoofed is based on a comparison of the sensor rate of change and the reading rate of change. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, comprising instructions, that when executed, further cause the processing resource to: determine a reading error rate based on the reading; and determine a deviation of the reading error rate from the sensor error rate, wherein the determination of whether or not the sensor has been spoofed is based on the deviation. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, comprising instructions, that when executed, further cause the processing resource to: determine a sensor range based on the plurality of values, wherein whether or not the sensor has been spoofed is based on a comparison of the sensor range and the reading. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the determination indicates that the sensor is spoofed; and wherein the machine-readable storage medium comprises instructions, that when executed, further cause the processing resource to send a flag in response to the determination. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the sensor is an industrial sensor. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the reading is an analog signal, the received plurality of values associated with the parameter measured by the sensor, are associated with a first time interval, and the received reading of the parameter is associated with a second time interval. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the plurality of values are analog signals. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the change in coefficient values describe how fast a value of the parameter changes from a first reading of the parameter to a next adjacent-in-time reading of the parameter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein determining the sensor rate of change based on the plurality of values, the processing resource further to: determining an average value of a plurality of change coefficients between the plurality of values using the first reading and the next adjacent-in-time reading of the parameter; and comparing the average value of the plurality of change coefficients with a threshold value. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the sensor rate of change is an expected rate of change from a first reading to a second reading when there is no alteration to sensor data via spoofing of the sensor. ### Claim 12 A method for determining whether or not a sensor has been spoofed in a computing environment, the sensor measuring a plurality of values in the computing environment, the machine-readable storage medium comprising: receiving, by a processing resource, the plurality of values associated with a parameter measured by the sensor; determining, by the processing resource, a sensor signature based on the plurality of values, wherein the sensor signature comprises a sensor rate of change, and wherein the sensor rate of change is a change in coefficient values between one reading of the parameter and an adjacent-in-time reading of the parameter; determine a sensor error rate based on the plurality of values, wherein the sensor error rate comprises a frequency of error readings expected from the sensor rate of change absent the sensor being spoofed; receiving, by the processing resource, a plurality of readings of the parameter from the sensor; and determining, by the processing resource, that the sensor has been spoofed when the plurality of readings correspond with the first reading to the sensor signature and not the sensor error rate. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the determination of whether or not the sensor has been spoofed indicates that the sensor has been spoofed, and wherein the method further comprises sending, by the processing resource, an error signal to a core computing device. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the processing resource is a processing resource of an edge computing device. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the determining whether or not the sensor has been spoofed further comprises: determining, by the processing resource, a reading rate of change based on the plurality of readings; and comparing, by the processing resource, the reading rate of change to the sensor rate of change. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, further comprising: determining, by the processing resource, a reading error rate from the plurality of readings; and comparing, by the processing resource, the reading error rate to the sensor error rate. ### Claim 17 A computing device for determining whether or not a sensor has been spoofed in a computing environment, the sensor measuring a plurality of readings of a sensor parameter in the computing environment, the computing device comprising: a memory storing instructions; a processor communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to execute the instructions; an input engine to receive a first plurality of readings of the sensor parameter and to receive a second plurality of readings of the sensor parameter; a signature engine to determine a sensor error rate and a sensor rate of change from the first plurality of readings, wherein the sensor rate of change is a change in coefficient values between one reading of the parameter and an adjacent-in-time reading of the parameter, and wherein the sensor error rate comprises a frequency of error readings expected from the sensor rate of change absent the sensor being spoofed; an analysis engine to determine that the sensor has been spoofed from the second plurality of readings when the reading of the parameter from the sensor corresponds with the sensor rate of change and not the sensor error rate; and an action engine to determine an action based on the determination that the sensor has been spoofed. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The computing device of claim 17, wherein the analysis engine is to determine a reading error rate based on the second plurality of readings, and wherein the determination is based on a comparison of the reading error rate and the sensor error rate. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The computing device of claim 17, wherein the analysis engine is to determine a reading rate of change based on the second plurality of readings, and wherein the determination is based on a comparison of the reading rate of change and the sensor rate of change. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computing device is an edge computing device. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The computing device of claim 20, wherein the second plurality of readings comprise an analog reading. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The computing device of claim 17, wherein the determination indicates that the sensor is spoofed, and wherein the action determined comprises sending a signal.