# US 12,181,580 B2 · System, method, and apparatus for detecting and characterizing ground motion > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,181,580 B2 - Document ID: US12181580B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/239,501 - Filed: 2023-08-29 - Published: 2024-01-11 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2015-06-02 - Assignees: Exciting Technology LLC - Applicants: Exciting Technology, LLC - Inventors: Paul F. McManamon - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12181580B2 ## CPC - G01S 17/58: Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems - G01N 21/6402: {Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence} - G01N 21/718: {Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma} - G01S 7/4802: {using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section} - G01S 17/89: for mapping or imaging - G01V 8/20: using multiple transmitters or receivers - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02) ## Abstract A system includes a ground-based area, an electromagnetic (EM) interrogation device having an EM emitter that directs an EM beam at the ground-based area. The EM interrogation device includes a detector array that receives reflected EM radiation from the EM beam, and a controller having a ground movement description module that determines a movement profile of the ground-based area in response to the reflected EM radiation. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method, comprising: directing an electromagnetic (EM) beam at a ground based area; receiving reflected EM radiation from the EM beam at a detector array; and determining a movement profile of the ground based area. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises determining a description of ground based movement corresponding to at least a portion of the ground based area, the description of the ground based movement comprising at least one member selected from the members consisting of: a velocity value, a position value, an acceleration value, a frequency value, a phase value, and a time value. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising synchronizing the determining to an external event, and relating at least a portion of the movement profile to the external event in a time domain. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising inducing a ground energy event, and wherein the determining the movement profile of the ground based area is in response to the inducing. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the movement profile further comprises determining at least one arrival time event. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the movement profile further comprises determining a position of the inducing. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the movement profile further comprises determining an extent of the inducing. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, further comprising determining a containment of the inducing in response to the determining the movement profile. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the movement profile comprises determining the movement profile of the ground based area with a spatial resolution value selected from: not greater than 1 square foot pixels, not greater than 1 square inch pixels, and not greater than 1 square centimeter pixels. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a plurality of movement profiles from a plurality of detector arrays positioned around the ground based area. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising interrogating an air volume in proximity to the ground based area with EM radiation including at least a selected spectral frequency value, receiving reflected EM radiation from the EM radiation including the selected spectral frequency value, and determining the presence of a species of interest in the air volume in response to the reflected EM radiation. ### Claim 12 A system, comprising: a ground based area; an electromagnetic (EM) interrogation device having an EM emitter structured to direct an EM beam at the ground based area, and having a detector array structured to receive reflected EM radiation from the EM beam; and a controller having a ground movement description module structured to determine a movement profile of the ground based area in response to the reflected EM radiation. ### Claim 13 A method for determining movement of a ground-based area, comprising: illuminating the ground-based area with an electro-magnetic (EM) radiation device; receiving reflected EM radiation from the ground-based area in response to the illuminating; processing the reflected EM radiation to determine movement information of at least a portion of the ground-based area in response to the receiving the reflected EM radiation; in response to the determining the movement information, performing at least one response operation, the response operation comprising at least one of the operations comprising at least one operation selected from diagnosing a ground based operation in response to the movement information; diagnosing a ground based device in response to the movement information; receiving a communication from a device in vibrational communication with the ground-based area in response to the movement area; and determining a status of a ground based operation in response to the movement information. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the illuminating the ground-based area with an electro-magnetic (EM) radiation device further comprises at least one operation selected from operating a differential absorption EM detection and receiving device, operating a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) device, and operating a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) device; the method further including identifying a species of interest in the air volume in proximity to the ground-based area. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the determining the movement information further comprises determining at least one of displacement, velocity, acceleration, vibration, and movement frequency information of at least a portion of the ground-based area.