# US 12,181,570 B2 · Synthetic radio altimeter system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,181,570 B2 - Document ID: US12181570B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/141,587 - Filed: 2021-01-05 - Published: 2022-07-07 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2021-01-05 - Assignees: Honeywell International Inc. - Applicants: Honeywell International Inc. - Inventors: Jan Urbanec; Gabriel Sarkozy - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12181570B2 ## CPC - G01C 5/005: {altimeters for aircraft (G01C5/02, G01C5/06 take precedence)} - G01S 13/882: {for altimeters (measuring height using barometric means G01C5/06)} - G01C 23/00: Combined instruments indicating more than one navigational value, e.g. for aircraft; Combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement, e.g. distance, speed or acceleration - G01S 13/935: for terrain-avoidance - G01S 19/10: providing dedicated supplementary positioning signals - G08G 5/21: located onboard the aircraft - G08G 5/54: for approach or landing - G08G 5/74: for monitoring terrain - G01C: MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY (measuring liquid level G01F; radio navigation, determining distance or velocity by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effects, propagation time, of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - G08G: TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS (guiding railway traffic, ensuring the safety of railway traffic B61L; arrangement of road signs or traffic signals E01F9/00; radar or analogous systems, sonar systems, lidar systems specially adapted for traffic control G01S13/91, G01S15/88, G01S17/88; {radar or analogous systems, sonar systems, lidar systems specially adapted for anti-collision purposes G01S13/93, G01S15/93, G01S17/93}) ## Abstract A synthetic radio altimeter system is provided. At least one sensor is used to generate sensor data that is used at least to determine a then current vehicle location. At least one controller is configured to determine an elevation of terrain under a vehicle based on the determined then current location of the vehicle and terrain information in the terrain database. The at least one controller is further configured to determine a height of the vehicle above terrain based at least in part on the determined elevation of terrain under the vehicle and the sensor data. The at least one controller further configured to augment the determined height of the vehicle above terrain with at least in part navigation database information when the vehicle is near one of a travel path origin and a travel path destination. The height above terrain may also be augmented based on a navigation radio. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A synthetic radio altimeter system, the system comprising: at least one sensor to generate sensor data used at least to determine a then current vehicle location, the sensor data including at least latitude and longitude to determine the then current vehicle location and altitude sensor data; at least one memory to store at least operating instructions and a terrain database; and at least one controller in communication with the at least one sensor and the at least one memory, the at least one controller configured to determine a current elevation of a terrain directly under a vehicle based on the determined then current location of the vehicle and terrain information in the terrain database, the at least one controller further configured to determine a current height of the vehicle directly above terrain based at least in part on the current determined elevation of terrain directly under the vehicle and the altitude sensor data, the at least one controller further configured to augment the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain with at least in part navigation database information that includes at least a height above reference of the terrain when the vehicle is near one of a travel path origin and a travel path destination, wherein a vehicle is near one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination when one of a defined distance to one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination is determined and when a transceiver of a distance measurement device of the vehicle is within a communication range of one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising: a flight management system in communication with the at least one controller, the flight management system providing data used by the at least one controller to augment the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor includes at least one of a global positioning system sensor, a barometric sensor, an enhanced ground proximity warning system (EGPW), an air data sensor (ADS), an inertial reference sensor (IRS) and a distance measuring equipment (DME) sensor. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising: an automated vehicle control system, the automated vehicle control system configured to control operation of the vehicle based at least in part on the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to validate a radio altimeter value with the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to determine the current height of the vehicle directly above terrain based on the terrain database and the sensor data when the vehicle is not near one of the path of origin and the travel path destination. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to synchronize sensor outputs at least once when the vehicle is near one of the path of origin and the travel path destination. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The system of claim 7, wherein the controller is further configured to synchronize the sensor outputs near the travel path destination by determining an intended glidepath to runway, determining a location of the vehicle on the intended glidepath, determining a range distance to the runway, applying a trigonometric equation to determine an expected height above terrain, comparing the expected height above terrain with the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain and adjusting outputs of the at least one sensor based on the comparison when a result of the comparison is within an integrity limit of the at least one sensor. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to determine an absolute deviation from the intended glidepath in determining the expected height above terrain. ### Claim 10 A method of operating a synthetic radio altimeter system, the method comprising: determining a vehicle latitude and longitude position; determining an elevation of a terrain directly under the vehicle based on the determined vehicle latitude and longitude position and a terrain database; determining a current height of the vehicle directly above terrain using sensor data from at least one sensor that provides altitude data and the determined elevation of the terrain; determining when the vehicle is near one of a travel path origin and a travel path destination, wherein a vehicle is near one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination when one of a defined distance to one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination is determined and when a transceiver of a distance measurement device of the vehicle is within a communication range of one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination; and when it is determined the vehicle is near one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination, using data from a flight management system and a navigation database to augment the terrain database with navigation database information used to determine a height above reference of the terrain with airfield/runway elevation information. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one sensor is at least one of a global positioning system sensor, a barometric sensor and an inertial reference sensor. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: determining if the vehicle is on the terrain; and when the vehicle is determined to be on the terrain and the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain is not zero, removing bias in sensor data to match vehicle position on the ground to produce a height above terrain to be zero. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: supplementing and validating a height above terrain determination from a radio altimeter of the vehicle with the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: determining an expected aircraft height of vehicle above terrain based on a vertical beam deviation, a final glide path angle and a distance to a destination; determining an absolute uncertainty of vehicle height above terrain based on integrity and precision uncertainties of the sensor data used to determine the current height of the vehicle directly above terrain; and reducing bias errors of the sensor data used to determine the current height of the vehicle directly above terrain with the determined expected aircraft height of vehicle above terrain and the determined absolute uncertainty of vehicle height above terrain. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the vertical beam deviation, the final glide path angle and the distance to a destination is determined by at least one of an instrument landing system (ILS), a microwave landing system (MLS) and a ground based augmentation system landing system (GLS). ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, further comprising: adjusting processes using the sensor data to determine the current height of the vehicle directly above terrain. ### Claim 17 A computer-readable medium having computer executable instruction for performing the steps of operating a synthetic radio altimeter system comprising: determining a then current latitude and longitude location of a vehicle; determining a height above a reference of the terrain using information from a flight management system, terrain data from a terrain database, altitude sensor data and the then determined current location of the vehicle when the vehicle is in a defined select near proximity to one of a travel path origin and a travel path destination, wherein the flight management system provides an elevation of one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination as the reference; and determining a current height of a vehicle directly above the terrain based at least in part on the determined height above the reference of the terrain. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The medium of claim 17, further comprising: providing at least one of initialization of sensors providing the sensor data, resynchronization of vehicle altimeter systems and removing sensor biases based at least in part on the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The medium of claim 17, wherein the sensor data is provided by at least one of a global positioning system sensor, a barometric sensor, an enhanced ground proximity warning system (EGPW), an air data sensor (ADS), and an inertial reference sensor (IRS). ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The medium of claim 17, further comprising: determining a glidepath of the vehicle and a glidepath angle with the flight management system; determining a distance to the one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination with a distance measurement device; determining the location of the vehicle on the glidepath with a location system; determining an expected vehicle height above terrain based on the glidepath angle, the determined distance to the one of the travel path origin and the travel path destination and the determined location of the vehicle on the glidepath; and synchronizing sensor outputs used to determine vehicle altitude based at least in part on a comparison of the determined expected vehicle height above terrain and the determined current height of the vehicle directly above terrain.