# US 12,181,534 B2 · Method and device for testing a battery state in at least one battery > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,181,534 B2 - Document ID: US12181534B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/995,861 - Filed: 2020-04-24 - Published: 2023-05-18 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2020-04-24 - Assignees: CMWTEC Technologie GmbH - Applicants: CMWTEC Technologie GmbH - Inventors: Mohammed Radhi Ali-Ogalli; Michael Jacobs; Erik Zinger - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12181534B2 ## CPC - G01R 31/3835: involving only voltage measurements - G01R 31/389: Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables - G01R 19/1659: {to indicate that the value is within or outside a predetermined range of values (window) (G01R19/16514, G01R19/16519, G01R19/16528 and G01R19/16533 take precedence)} - G01R 31/3865: {related to manufacture, e.g. testing after manufacture} - G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health - G01R 31/396: Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A method and a device for testing a battery state determines if a battery is faulty. A first impedance test is conducted to determine the internal resistance of the battery, wherein the battery is energized with an electrical current flow with a certain frequency and a resulting voltage response of the battery is measured. A load high-current test of the battery with a test pulse HRD test is conducted next. Then, a second impedance test is conducted. The measurement results of the tests are recorded and stored, and then evaluated by arranging such results offset in relation to one another, in such a way that the battery state can be derived therefrom, in particular whether the battery is faulty. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for testing a battery state in at least one battery (10), comprising: energizing the battery (10) with an electric current having a predetermined frequency, and thereafter measuring a resulting voltage response of the battery (10) as a first impedance test (1) to determine initial resistance of the battery (10), acquiring and storing measured results (5) of the first impedance test (1), applying a test pulse or discharge pulse to the battery (10) as a high rate discharge test (3), again energizing the battery (10) with the electric current of the predetermined frequency, and thereafter measuring a resulting second voltage response of the battery (10) as a second impedance test (2), acquiring and storing measured results (6) of the second impedance test (2), and evaluating (7) the measured results of the first impedance test (1), of the second impedance test (2) and/or of the high rate discharge test (3) to identify any offset with respect to the measured results from which battery state can be inferred so as to identify a faulty battery state. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein any difference between the measured results of the first (1) and second (2) impedance tests is identified and compared with a prescribed limit or of a prescribed interval. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein high rate discharge test (3) is carried out for a duration of about 1 to 10 seconds. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the measured values from the first (1) and second (2) impedance tests and/or of the high rate discharge test (3) are related to each other in a freely configurable manner. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, further comprising conducting one or more additional impedance tests and/or additional high rate discharge tests on the battery (10) and correlating the outcomes of the individual measured results of the first impedance test (1), the second impedance test (2), the high rate discharge test (3) and the additional impedance test(s) and/or additional high rate discharge test(s) in order to identify a faulty battery state. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method according to claim 5, wherein each of the test methods on the battery (10) entail discharging of the battery (10) at a constant current, discharging at a constant voltage, discharging at a constant power, a direct-current internal-resistance measurement or measurement of the alternating-current resistance, wherein some or all of the test methods are carried out consecutively in a test sequence and the appertaining measured results are combined with each other. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the first (1) and/or the second impedance (2) test(s) of the battery (10) is/are carried out at a fixed frequency. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the first (1) and/or second (2) impedance test(s) of the battery (10) is/are carried out at various frequencies selected from approximately 0.5 Hz, 50 Hz and 500 Hz. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the first (1) and/or second (2) impedance test(s) of the battery (10) is/are carried out over a frequency spectrum between 0.1 Hz and 1 MHz. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the discharge pulse of the high rate discharge test (3) is maintained for a pulse duration of from 1 to 10 seconds. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the test pulse of the high rate discharge test (3) either has a current intensity of about 500 to 3000 amperes, or has a current intensity that amounts to between a one-fold and 20-fold value of the C-rate of the battery (10). ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the test pulse of the high rate discharge test (3) has a current intensity that rises stepwise. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, for the high rate discharge test (3) the discharging of the battery (10) is measured at a constant current or at a constant voltage or at a constant power, after which the measured results are then stored. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined frequency of both of the first impedance test (1) and second impedance test (2) comprises a same frequency spectrum. ### Claim 15 A device (11) for testing a battery state in at least one battery (10), comprising an impedance measuring device (12) for carrying out at least a first impedance test (1) and a second impedance test (2) involving determination of internal resistance of the battery (10), wherein the first impedance test (1) and the second impedance test (2) are carried out at a same predetermined frequency, a high-current device (13) for carrying out a high rate discharge test (3) of the battery (10) with a test pulse or discharge pulse, and an evaluation unit (16) to evaluate (7) measured results (5) of the first impedance test (1), the second impedance test (2) and the high rate discharge test (3). ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The device (11) according to claim 15, wherein the evaluation unit (16) is configured to acquire and store the measured results (5) of the first (1) and second (2) impedance tests and the high rate discharge test (3), and is configured to correlate the measured results (2) to one another so that battery state can be inferred to determine if the battery (10) is a faulty battery (17).