# US 12,181,528 B2 · Busbar diagnosis device, battery pack, energy storage system, and busbar diagnosis method

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- Number: US 12,181,528 B2
- Document ID: US12181528B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/008,613
- Filed: 2022-01-21
- Published: 2023-08-10
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2021-01-21
- Assignees: LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
- Applicants: LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
- Inventors: Yong-Min Jo; Nak-Choon Lee; Mu-Yeon Lee; Ju-Yeon Jeong
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12181528B2

## CPC

- G01R 31/364: Battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements
- H02J 7/663: {using battery or load disconnect circuits (H02J9/002 takes precedence)}
- G01R 31/3842: combining voltage and current measurements
- G01R 31/396: Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
- G01R 31/54: Testing for continuity
- G01R 31/66: Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints (testing for incorrect line connections G01R31/55)
- H01M 10/42: Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells (H01M10/60 takes precedence)
- H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)}
- H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569)
- H01M 10/482: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially}
- H01M 50/569: Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals (battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements G01R31/364)
- H02J 7/80: including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- G01R 19/16542: {for batteries (charge condition monitoring in G01R31/36)}
- G01R 31/382: Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- H01M 2010/4271: {Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A busbar diagnosis apparatus includes a plurality of voltage sensing pins, a battery monitoring circuit, a voltage sensing channel, a bypass unit and a control circuit to diagnose s busbar. A voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells of a first battery module and a plurality of battery cells of a second battery module is detected using a potential difference of every two adjacent voltage sensing pins, and the busbar is diagnosed based on a voltage history of each of the plurality of battery cells.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A busbar diagnosis apparatus for a battery pack including a busbar connected between a positive terminal of a first battery module including a plurality of battery cells connected in series and a negative terminal of a second battery module including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, the busbar diagnosis apparatus comprising:
a battery monitoring circuit including a plurality of voltage sensing pins, and the battery monitoring circuit is configured to detect a voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module using a potential difference of every two adjacent voltage sensing pins;
a voltage sensing channel including a plurality of voltage sensing lines connecting a positive electrode and a negative electrode of each of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module to the plurality of voltage sensing pins;
a bypass unit connected to the busbar through a first voltage sensing pin and a second voltage sensing pin among the plurality of voltage sensing pins, wherein the first voltage sensing pin is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell disposed on a most upstream of the first battery module through one of the plurality of voltage sensing lines and the second voltage sensing pin is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell disposed on a most downstream of the second battery module through the other voltage sensing line among the plurality of voltage sensing lines; and
a control circuit configured to:
when it is determined that the battery pack is kept in a discharge mode for a set time or more,
determine an average voltage of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module;
increase a diagnosis count by a predetermined value when both a difference between the voltage of the battery cell disposed on the most upstream of the first battery module and the average voltage and a difference between the voltage of the battery cell disposed on the most downstream of the second battery module and the average voltage are larger than a reference voltage difference, and
set a diagnosis flag indicating that the busbar is in a fault condition when the increased diagnosis count is equal to or larger than a reference count.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bypass unit includes a diode, and
wherein an anode and a cathode of the diode are connected to the first voltage sensing pin and the second voltage sensing pin, respectively.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each voltage sensing line includes a protection resistor having a predetermined resistance value.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the battery monitoring circuit further includes a pair of current sensing pins connected to a current path of the battery pack, and the battery monitoring circuit is further configured to detect an electric current flowing through the current path using a potential difference between the pair of current sensing pins.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to set the diagnosis count to be equal to an initial value less than the reference count when at least one of the difference between the voltage of the battery cell disposed on the most upstream of the first battery module and the average voltage or the difference between the voltage of the battery cell disposed on the most downstream of the second battery module and the average voltage is equal to or smaller than the reference voltage difference.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

A battery pack comprising the busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

An energy storage system comprising the battery pack according to claim 6.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

A busbar diagnosis method executable by the busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, the busbar diagnosis method comprising:
detecting, by the battery monitoring circuit, the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module using the potential difference between every two adjacent voltage sensing pins among the plurality of voltage sensing pins;
determining the average voltage of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module when it is determined that the battery pack is kept in the discharge mode for the set time or more;
increasing the diagnosis count by the predetermined value when both the difference between the voltage of the battery cell disposed on the most upstream of the first battery module and the average voltage and the difference between the voltage of the battery cell disposed on the most downstream of the second battery module and the average voltage are larger than the reference voltage difference; and
setting the diagnosis flag indicating that the busbar is in the fault condition when the increased diagnosis count is equal to or larger than the reference count.

### Claim 9

A busbar diagnosis apparatus for a battery pack including a busbar connected between a positive terminal of a first battery module including a plurality of battery cells connected in series and a negative terminal of a second battery module including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, the busbar diagnosis apparatus comprising:
a battery monitoring circuit including a plurality of voltage sensing pins, and the battery monitoring circuit is configured to detect a voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module using a potential difference of every two adjacent voltage sensing pins;
a voltage sensing channel including a plurality of voltage sensing lines connecting a positive electrode and a negative electrode of each of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module to the plurality of voltage sensing pins;
a bypass unit connected to the busbar through a first voltage sensing pin and a second voltage sensing pin among the plurality of voltage sensing pins, wherein the first voltage sensing pin is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell disposed on a most upstream of the first battery module through one of the plurality of voltage sensing lines and the second voltage sensing pin is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell disposed on a most downstream of the second battery module through the other voltage sensing line among the plurality of voltage sensing lines; and
a control circuit configured to:
when it is determined that the battery pack is switched from a rest mode or a charge mode to a discharge mode,
determine a voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most upstream of the first battery module, a voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most downstream of the second battery module and an average voltage drop of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module, over a diagnosis time, and
set a diagnosis flag indicating that the busbar is in a fault condition when both a difference between the voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most upstream of the first battery module and the average voltage drop and a difference between the voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most downstream of the second battery module and the average voltage drop are larger than a reference voltage drop.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine the reference voltage drop by multiplying a change in electric current over the diagnosis time by a predetermined conversion coefficient when it is determined that the battery pack is switched from the rest mode or the charge mode to the discharge mode.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

A busbar diagnosis method executable by the busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 9, the busbar diagnosis method comprising:
detecting, by the battery monitoring circuit, the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module using the potential difference between every two adjacent voltage sensing pins among the plurality of voltage sensing pins;
when it is determined that the battery pack is switched from the rest mode or the charge mode to the discharge mode, determining the voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most upstream of the first battery module, the voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most downstream of the second battery module and an average voltage drop of the plurality of battery cells of the first battery module and the plurality of battery cells of the second battery module, over the diagnosis time; and
setting the diagnosis flag indicating that the busbar is in the fault condition when both the difference between the voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most upstream of the first battery module and the average voltage drop and the difference between the voltage drop of the battery cell disposed on the most downstream of the second battery module and the average voltage drop are larger than the reference voltage drop.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

A battery pack comprising the busbar diagnosis apparatus according to claim 9.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

An energy storage system comprising the battery pack according to claim 12.