# US 12,180,926 B2 · Turbine blade with auxiliary deflector > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,180,926 B2 - Document ID: US12180926B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/372,613 - Filed: 2023-09-25 - Published: 2024-03-28 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2022-09-23 - Assignees: SJK Energy Solutions, LLC - Applicants: SJK Energy Solutions, LLC - Inventors: Steven J. Kanstoroom; Maximilian de Arriz; Joseph M. Galliera, III - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12180926B2 ## CPC - F03D 1/0641: {of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile} - F03D 1/0677: {Longitudinally segmented blades; Connectors therefor} - F03D 7/0232: {with flaps or slats (with aerodynamic drag devices on the blades for braking F03D7/0252)} - F05B 2210/16: Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification - F05B 2240/301: Cross-section characteristics - F05B 2240/302: Segmented or sectional blades - F05B 2240/303: Details of the leading edge - F05B 2240/304: Details of the trailing edge - F05B 2240/305: Flaps, slats or spoilers - Y02E 10/72: Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction - F03D: WIND MOTORS - F05B: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A fluid flow turbine blade assembly for a turbine rotor includes a blade and a deflector extending spanwise along at least a portion of the blade. At least a portion of an upstream surface of the deflector, along at least a portion of a span of the deflector, has a concave shape in a chordwise direction such that at least a portion of a chord line between leading and trailing edges of the deflector is disposed outside a profile defined between the upstream surface and a downstream surface of the deflector. The deflector has a substantially uniform thickness or a chord-wise varying thickness between the upstream surface and the downstream surface. The deflector alters fluid flow over the blade so as to increase the blade's contribution to global torque generated by the assembly so that, with the deflector's torque contribution, the global torque of the assembly is greater than the global torque that would be generated by the blade alone without the benefit of the deflector. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A fluid flow turbine blade assembly comprising: a rotor blade comprising a root section at which the rotor blade is attached to a hub of a fluid flow turbine and a working section, wherein the working section has a leading edge and a trailing edge and wherein the working section is configured and oriented to form a pressure surface facing oncoming fluid flow impinging on the rotor blade and a suction surface; and a deflector coupled to the rotor blade and extending spanwise along at least a portion of the working section of the rotor blade, wherein the deflector has a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upstream surface facing the oncoming fluid flow, and a downstream surface facing away from the oncoming fluid flow, wherein the deflector has a uniform thickness between the upstream surface and the downstream surface over a majority of the deflector between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector, wherein at least a portion of the upstream surface along at least a portion of a span of the deflector has a concave shape in a chordwise direction, wherein the deflector is spaced-apart from the rotor blade to form a gap between the deflector and the rotor blade along at least a portion of the span of the deflector to permit fluid flow through the gap, and wherein the trailing edge of the deflector is situated aft of the trailing edge of the working section relative to a direction of travel of the turbine blade assembly. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the working section of the rotor blade is an airfoil section or a hydrofoil section. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the upstream surface has a convex shape in a chordwise direction. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the portion of the upstream surface having the concave shape extends to the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 3, wherein the portion of the upstream surface having the convex shape extends to the leading edge of the deflector. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is closer to the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 6, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the trailing edge of the deflector is closer to the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 8, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the trailing edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the leading edge of the deflector is situated aft of the trailing edge of the working section relative to the direction of travel of the turbine blade assembly. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, further comprising a connector assembly connecting the deflector to the rotor blade. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 11, wherein the connector assembly comprises: a connector element; a deflector-end flange fixedly linked to one end of the connector element and to the deflector; and a blade-end flange fixedly linked to an opposite end of the connector element and to the rotor blade. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 12, wherein the turbine blade assembly is attached to a hub of a rotor that is rotatable about a rotor axis of rotation, the turbine blade assembly is oriented radially with respect to the rotor axis of rotation, and at least a portion of the oncoming fluid flow is parallel to the rotor axis of rotation, wherein the connector member comprises a connector tube, and a first section of the connector tube defines an aerodynamic shape that is tapered toward a first leading edge of the first section and is tapered toward a first trailing edge of the first section with respect to the oncoming fluid flow and a second section of the connector tube defines an aerodynamic shape that is tapered toward a second leading edge of the second section and is tapered toward a second trailing edge of the second section with respect to fluid flow resulting from rotation of the rotor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 13, wherein the first section is symmetrical about a line bisecting the first section between the first leading edge and the first trailing edge, and the second section is symmetrical about a line bisecting the second section between the second leading edge and the second trailing edge. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 12, comprising two or more connector assemblies, each disposed at a different span-wise position along the turbine blade assembly, and wherein the connector tube of each connector assembly is shaped between its opposed ends to conform to an arc centered on an axis of rotation of the fluid flow turbine and having a radius corresponding to the spanwise position of the connector assembly. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 11, wherein the connector assembly connects the deflector to the rotor blade such that an angle of attack of the deflector with respect to a rotor plane of rotation is fixed or such that the angle of attack of the deflector with respect to the rotor plane of rotation is variable. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 11, wherein the connector assembly comprises a variable angle connector assembly which connects the deflector to the rotor blade such that an angle of attack of the deflector with respect to a rotor plane of rotation is variable, and wherein the variable angle connector assembly comprises: a spar having a first end fixed to an internal structure within the rotor blade and a second end pivotably connected to the deflector; a flexible shaft having a first end supported internally of the rotor blade for axial movement with respect to a longitudinal axis of the flexible shaft and a second end pivotably connected to the deflector at a position that is spaced apart from a position at which the second end of the spar is pivotably connected to the deflector; and a flexible shaft actuator coupled to the first end of the flexible shaft for effecting axial movement of the flexible shaft. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 17, wherein the flexible shaft actuator comprises: a guide tube assembly disposed within the rotor blade, the guide tube assembly comprising a guide tube housing having a guide hole within which the first end of the flexible shaft is supported and a guide tube that is movable within the guide hole, wherein the first end of the flexible shaft is coupled to an end of the guide tube; a drive screw extending into a hole formed in the guide tube; a threaded collar coupled to the drive screw so that rotation of the drive screw causes a corresponding axial movement of the collar along a length of the drive screw, wherein the collar is coupled to the guide tube so that the axial movement of the collar is transmitted to the guide tube to cause axial movement of the guide tube within the guide hole which causes corresponding axial movement of the flexible shaft; and a motor coupled to the drive screw for effecting powered rotation of the drive screw. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the motor is coupled to the drive screw by a right angled drive that transmits a shaft rotation generated by the motor in a first direction to rotate the drive screw and in a second direction to rotate a drive shaft to transmit rotation to a flexible shaft actuator of an adjacent variable angle connector assembly. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the gap between the deflector and the rotor blade is constant across the span of the deflector. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the gap between the deflector and the rotor blade varies across at least a portion of the span of the deflector. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of a radius of curvature and an arc-length of the portion of the upstream surface having the concave shape varies along at least a portion of the span of the deflector. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of a chord extending between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector is disposed outside a profile of the deflector defined between the upstream surface of the deflector and the downstream surface of the deflector. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 23, wherein, at least 25% of the chord is disposed outside the profile of the deflector. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 24, wherein, an amount of the chord that is disposed outside the profile of the deflector is different at a tip end of the deflector than at a hub end of the deflector. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein a span-wise curvature of the leading edge of the deflector follows a span-wise curvature of the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, further comprising one or more walls projecting from at least one of the upstream surface and the downstream surface of the deflector, wherein each wall extends at least partially from the leading edge of the deflector to the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 27, further comprising a transverse wall extending from at least one of the one or more wall, wherein the transverse wall extends along or near the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 29 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the deflector comprises two or more sections, wherein each section is connected to an adjoining section by a connector comprising a top plate and a bottom plate overlapping abutting ends of the section and the adjoining section and fasteners extending through the top and bottom plates and portions of the section and the adjoining section overlapped by the top and bottom plates. ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the deflector has a reflexed mean camber line such that a center of curvature of a first portion of the reflexed mean camber line is located on a downstream side of the deflector and a center of curvature of a second portion of the reflexed mean camber line is located on an upstream side of the deflector. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein along at least a portion of a span of the deflector extending to a tip end of the deflector, both the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector are closer to the oncoming flow than both the leading edge of the rotor blade and the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 31, wherein at a hub end of the deflector at least one of the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector is not closer to the oncoming flow than at least one of the leading edge of the rotor blade and the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 32, wherein a distance by which the deflector is closer to the oncoming flow than the rotor blade increases continuously from the hub end of the deflector to the tip end of the deflector. ### Claim 34 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein the deflector extends spanwise along an entire span of the rotor blade, including the root section and the working section. ### Claim 35 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the trailing edge of the deflector includes a curved section of decreasing chord length between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector, wherein the curved section extends to a tip of the deflector. ### Claim 36 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the trailing edge of the deflector includes an arced section of increasing chord length between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector, wherein the arced section extends to a tip of the deflector. ### Claim 37 (depends on 1) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 1, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the leading edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 38 (depends on 1) A fluid flow turbine comprising: a hub; and a rotor comprising two or more of the turbine blade assembly of claim 1 connected to the hub, wherein the rotor is rotatable about a rotor axis of rotation and each turbine blade assembly extends radially with respect to the rotor axis of rotation. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The fluid flow turbine of claim 38, wherein the rotor axis of rotation is oriented vertically or horizontally. ### Claim 40 (depends on 38) The fluid flow turbine of claim 38, comprising at least three of the turbine blade assemblies connected to the hub. ### Claim 41 (depends on 38) The fluid flow turbine of claim 38, comprising: a nacelle, wherein the hub is supported by or within the nacelle; and a tower supporting the nacelle. ### Claim 42 (depends on 41) The fluid flow turbine of claim 41, further comprising at least one of a gearbox and a generator within the nacelle and operatively coupled to the rotor. ### Claim 43 (depends on 38) The fluid flow turbine of claim 38, wherein at least a portion of the oncoming fluid flow is parallel to the rotor axis of rotation. ### Claim 44 (depends on 38) A hydro driven turbine assembly comprising the fluid flow turbine of claim 38. ### Claim 45 (depends on 38) A wind driven turbine assembly comprising the fluid flow turbine of claim 38. ### Claim 46 A fluid flow turbine blade assembly comprising: a rotor blade comprising a root section at which the rotor blade is attached to a hub of a fluid flow turbine and a working section, wherein the working section has a leading edge and a trailing edge and wherein the working section is configured and oriented to form a pressure surface facing oncoming fluid flow impinging on the rotor blade and a suction surface; and a deflector coupled to the rotor blade and extending spanwise along at least a portion of the working section of the rotor blade, wherein the deflector has a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upstream surface facing the oncoming fluid flow, and a downstream surface facing away from the oncoming fluid flow, wherein at least a portion of a chord extending between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector is disposed outside a profile of the deflector defined between the upstream surface of the deflector and the downstream surface of the deflector, wherein at least a portion of the upstream surface along at least a portion of a span of the deflector has a concave shape in a chordwise direction, wherein the deflector is spaced-apart from the rotor blade to form a gap between the deflector and the rotor blade along at least a portion of the span of the deflector to permit fluid flow through the gap, wherein the gap between the deflector and the rotor blade varies across at least a portion of the span of the deflector, and wherein the trailing edge of the deflector is situated aft of the trailing edge of the working section relative to a direction of travel of the turbine blade assembly. ### Claim 47 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein the working section of the rotor blade is an airfoil section or a hydrofoil section. ### Claim 48 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein at least a portion of the upstream surface has a convex shape in a chordwise direction. ### Claim 49 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein the portion of the upstream surface having a concave shape extends to the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 50 (depends on 48) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 48, wherein the portion of the upstream surface having a convex shape extends to the leading edge of the deflector. ### Claim 51 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is closer to the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 52 (depends on 51) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 51, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the trailing edge of the deflector is closer to the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 53 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 54 (depends on 53) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 53, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the trailing edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 55 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein the leading edge of the deflector is situated aft of the trailing edge of the working section relative to the direction of travel of the turbine blade assembly. ### Claim 56 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein, at least 25% of the chord is disposed outside the profile of the deflector. ### Claim 57 (depends on 56) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 56, wherein, an amount of the chord that is disposed outside the profile of the deflector is different at a tip end of the deflector than at a hub end of the deflector. ### Claim 58 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein a span-wise curvature of the leading edge of the deflector follows a span-wise curvature of the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 59 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, further comprising one or more walls projecting from at least one of the upstream surface and the downstream surface of the deflector, wherein each wall extends at least partially from the leading edge of the deflector to the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 60 (depends on 59) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 59, further comprising a transverse wall extending from at least one of the one or more wall, wherein the transverse wall extends along or near the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 61 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein the deflector comprises two or more sections, wherein each section is connected to an adjoining section by a connector comprising a top plate and a bottom plate overlapping abutting ends of the section and the adjoining section and fasteners extending through the top and bottom plates and portions of the section and the adjoining section overlapped by the top and bottom plates. ### Claim 62 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein the deflector has a reflexed mean camber line such that a center of curvature of a first portion of the reflexed mean camber line is located on a downstream side of the deflector and a center of curvature of a second portion of the reflexed mean camber line is located on an upstream side of the deflector. ### Claim 63 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 46, wherein along at least a portion of a span of the deflector extending to a tip end of the deflector, both the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector are closer to the oncoming flow than both the leading edge of the rotor blade and the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 64 (depends on 63) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 63, wherein at a hub end of the deflector at least one of the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector is not closer to the oncoming flow than at least one of the leading edge of the rotor blade and the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 65 (depends on 64) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 64, wherein a distance by which the deflector is closer to the oncoming flow than the rotor blade increases continuously from the hub end of the deflector to the tip end of the deflector. ### Claim 66 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, further comprising a connector assembly connecting the deflector to the rotor blade. ### Claim 67 (depends on 66) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 66, wherein the connector assembly comprises: a connector element; a deflector-end flange fixedly linked to one end of the connector element and to the deflector; and a blade-end flange fixedly linked to an opposite end of the connector element and to the rotor blade. ### Claim 68 (depends on 67) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 67, wherein the turbine blade assembly is attached to a hub of a rotor that is rotatable about a rotor axis of rotation, the turbine blade assembly is oriented radially with respect to the rotor axis of rotation, and at least a portion of the oncoming fluid flow is parallel to the rotor axis of rotation, wherein the connector member comprises a connector tube, and a first section of the connector tube defines an aerodynamic shape that is tapered toward a first leading edge of the first section and is tapered toward a first trailing edge of the first section with respect to the oncoming fluid flow and a second section of the connector tube defines an aerodynamic shape that is tapered toward a second leading edge of the second section and is tapered toward a second trailing edge of the second section with respect to fluid flow resulting from rotation of the rotor. ### Claim 69 (depends on 68) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 68, wherein the first section is symmetrical about a line bisecting the first section between the first leading edge and the first trailing edge, and the second section is symmetrical about a line bisecting the second section between the second leading edge and the second trailing edge. ### Claim 70 (depends on 67) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 67, comprising two or more connector assemblies, each disposed at a different span-wise position along the turbine blade assembly, and wherein the connector tube of each connector assembly is shaped between its opposed ends to conform to an arc centered on an axis of rotation of the fluid flow turbine and having a radius corresponding to the spanwise position of the connector assembly. ### Claim 71 (depends on 66) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 66, wherein the connector assembly connects the deflector to the rotor blade such that an angle of attack of the deflector with respect to a rotor plane of rotation is fixed or such that the angle of attack of the deflector with respect to the rotor plane of rotation is variable. ### Claim 72 (depends on 66) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 66, wherein the connector assembly comprises a variable angle connector assembly which connects the deflector to the rotor blade such that an angle of attack of the deflector with respect to a rotor plane of rotation is variable, and wherein the variable angle connector assembly comprises: a spar having a first end fixed to an internal structure within the rotor blade and a second end pivotably connected to the deflector; a flexible shaft having a first end supported internally of the rotor blade for axial movement with respect to a longitudinal axis of the flexible shaft and a second end pivotably connected to the deflector at a position that is spaced apart from a position at which the second end of the spar is pivotably connected to the deflector; and a flexible shaft actuator coupled to the first end of the flexible shaft for effecting axial movement of the flexible shaft. ### Claim 73 (depends on 72) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 72, wherein the flexible shaft actuator comprises: a guide tube assembly disposed within the rotor blade, the guide tube assembly comprising a guide tube housing having a guide hole within which the first end of the flexible shaft is supported and a guide tube that is movable within the guide hole, wherein the first end of the flexible shaft is coupled to an end of the guide tube; a drive screw extending into a hole formed in the guide tube; a threaded collar coupled to the drive screw so that rotation of the drive screw causes a corresponding axial movement of the collar along a length of the drive screw, wherein the collar is coupled to the guide tube so that the axial movement of the collar is transmitted to the guide tube to cause axial movement of the guide tube within the guide hole which causes corresponding axial movement of the flexible shaft; and a motor coupled to the drive screw for effecting powered rotation of the drive screw. ### Claim 74 (depends on 73) The fluid flow turbine assembly of claim 73, wherein the motor is coupled to the drive screw by a right angled drive that transmits a shaft rotation generated by the motor in a first direction to rotate the drive screw and in a second direction to rotate a drive shaft to transmit rotation to a flexible shaft actuator of an adjacent variable angle connector assembly. ### Claim 75 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein at least one of a radius of curvature and an arc-length of the portion of the upstream surface having the concave shape varies along at least a portion of the span of the deflector. ### Claim 76 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein the deflector extends spanwise along an entire span of the rotor blade, including the root section and the working section. ### Claim 77 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein, from the leading edge of the deflector to the trailing edge of the deflector, the deflector has a non-uniform thickness between the upstream surface and the downstream surface. ### Claim 78 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein at least a portion of the trailing edge of the deflector includes a curved section of decreasing chord length between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector, wherein the curved section extends to a tip of the deflector. ### Claim 79 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein at least a portion of the trailing edge of the deflector includes an arced section of increasing chord length between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector extending to a tip of the deflector, wherein the arced section extends to a tip of the deflector. ### Claim 80 (depends on 46) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 46, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the leading edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 81 (depends on 46) A fluid flow turbine comprising: a hub; and a rotor comprising two or more of the turbine blade assembly of claim 46 connected to the hub, wherein the rotor is rotatable about a rotor axis of rotation and each turbine blade assembly extends radially with respect to the rotor axis of rotation. ### Claim 82 (depends on 81) The fluid flow turbine of claim 81, wherein the rotor axis of rotation is oriented vertically or horizontally. ### Claim 83 (depends on 81) The fluid flow turbine of claim 81, comprising at least three of the turbine blade assemblies connected to the hub. ### Claim 84 (depends on 81) The fluid flow turbine of claim 81, comprising: a nacelle, wherein the hub is supported by or within the nacelle; and a tower supporting the nacelle. ### Claim 85 (depends on 84) The fluid flow turbine of claim 84, further comprising at least one of a gearbox and a generator within the nacelle and operatively coupled to the rotor. ### Claim 86 (depends on 81) The fluid flow turbine of claim 81, wherein at least a portion of the oncoming fluid flow is parallel to the rotor axis of rotation. ### Claim 87 (depends on 81) A hydro driven turbine assembly comprising the fluid flow turbine of claim 81. ### Claim 88 (depends on 81) A wind driven turbine assembly comprising the fluid flow turbine of claim 81. ### Claim 89 A fluid flow turbine blade assembly comprising: a rotor blade comprising a root section at which the rotor blade is attached to a hub of a fluid flow turbine and a working section, wherein the working section has a leading edge and a trailing edge and wherein the working section is configured and oriented to form a pressure surface facing oncoming fluid flow impinging on the rotor blade and a suction surface; and a deflector coupled to the rotor blade and extending spanwise along at least a portion of the working section of the rotor blade, wherein the deflector has a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upstream surface facing the oncoming fluid flow, and a downstream surface facing away from the oncoming fluid flow, wherein the deflector is configured so that when a fluid is flowing over the turbine blade assembly, pressure on an area of the pressure surface of the working section that is nearer to the trailing edge of the rotor blade than to the leading edge of the rotor blade is greater than pressure over a similar area of a rotor blade having no deflector and suction on an area of the suction surface of the working section that is nearer to the leading edge of the rotor blade than to the trailing edge of the rotor blade is greater than suction over a similar area of the rotor blade having no deflector. ### Claim 90 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein the deflector has a uniform thickness between the upstream surface and the downstream surface over a majority of the deflector between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 91 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein, from the leading edge of the deflector to the trailing edge of the deflector, the deflector has a non-uniform thickness between the upstream surface and the downstream surface. ### Claim 92 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein at least a portion of the upstream surface along at least a portion of a span of the deflector has a concave shape in a chordwise direction. ### Claim 93 (depends on 92) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 92, wherein the portion of the upstream surface having a concave shape extends to the trailing edge of the deflector. ### Claim 94 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein the trailing edge of the deflector is situated aft of the trailing edge of the working section relative to a direction of travel of the turbine blade assembly. ### Claim 95 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein at least a portion of a chord extending between the leading edge of the deflector and the trailing edge of the deflector is disposed outside a profile of the deflector defined between the upstream surface of the deflector and the downstream surface of the deflector. ### Claim 96 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein the working section of the rotor blade is an airfoil section or a hydrofoil section. ### Claim 97 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein at least a portion of the upstream surface has a convex shape in a chordwise direction. ### Claim 98 (depends on 97) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 97, wherein the portion of the upstream surface having the convex shape extends to the leading edge of the deflector. ### Claim 99 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is closer to the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 100 (depends on 99) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 99, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the trailing edge of the deflector is closer to the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 101 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein the leading edge of the deflector is situated aft of the trailing edge of the working section relative to the direction of travel of the turbine blade assembly. ### Claim 102 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the trailing edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the trailing edge of the rotor blade. ### Claim 103 (depends on 89) The fluid flow turbine blade assembly of claim 89, wherein, along at least a portion of the span of the deflector, the leading edge of the deflector is further from the oncoming fluid flow than the leading edge of the rotor blade.